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(Inss El^Co-H: 



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JAMES P. CLARKE 

( Late a Senator from Arkansas ) 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 

DELIVERED IN THE SENATE 

AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

OF THE UNITED STATES 

SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS 
SECOND SESSION 



Proceedings in the Senate 
February 18, 1917 



Proceedings in the House 
February 18, 1917 



PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 
THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING 




j ^ ^Z6.2-/0 



WASHINGTON 
1917 







D. of D. 
MAR 18 1918 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 

Proceedings in the Senate 5 

Prayer by Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D 5 

Memorial addresses by — 

Mr. Joseph T. Robinson, of Arkansas 13 

Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts 24 

Mr. Nathan P. Bryan, of Florida 29 

Mr. Tliomas W. Hardwick, of Georgia 30 

Mr. Jacob H. Gallinger, of New Hampshire 32 

Mr. Willard Saulsbury, of Delaware 35 

Mr. William E. Borah, of Idaho 38 

Proceedings in the House 43 

Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D 44 

Memorial addresses by — 

Mr. William A. Oldfield, of Arkansas 47 

Mr. Samuel M. Taylor, of Arkansas 51 

Mr. Thaddeus H. Caraway, of Arkansas 56 

Mr. Otis Wingo, of Arkansas 60 

Mr. John N. Tillman, of Arkansas 62 

Mr. William S. Goodwin, of Arkansas 68 

Mr. Henderson M. Jacoway, of Arkansas 74 

Mr. Benjamin G. Humphreys, of Mississippi 82 

Mr. Sam Rayburn, of Texas 86 

Resolutions of the municipality of Calumpit, Bulacan, P. I.. 7 
Resolutions of the municipal board of the city of Manila, 

P. I 8 

Proceedings and resolutions of the municipal council of 

Calauan, P. I 10 



[3] 



DEATH OF HON. JAMES P. CLARKE 



Proceedings in the Senate 

Monday, December 4, 1916. 
The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered 
the followhig prayer : 

Ahnighty God, the representatives of the people have 
gathered together to give direction to the course of the 
civil affairs of this great Nation. We recognize Thy good 
hand that has led us on from the beginning until this day. 
We acknowledge before Thee first of all our infinite debt 
of gratitude and would make mention of Thy name, the 
name of the God of our fathers, which is above every 
name to us and to the Nation. 

We desire to renew our covenant with Thee to enter 
into heartiest accord with Thy will and Thy purpose. 
We praise Thee that Thou dost continue us in brotherly 
spirit and unity of purpose; that nothing has occurred in 
this Nation since we last met which has separated brother 
from brother or our recognition of our common interests 
or the pursuit of our high ideals. We pray that Thou 
wilt continue to us the blessings of the past; that Thou 
wilt give to us a common purpose, the strength of con- 
viction and loyalty to the great ideals of our national life. 

We name before Thee in loving memory and in high 
appreciation one who has departed from us since we last 
met. We praise Thy name for the high example that he 
has set, for the service that he has rendered to the coun- 
try, for the memory that abides to be cherished on 
through the days of our national life. 

[5] 



Memoiu.u, Addresses: Senator Ci.ahki; 

We pray Thee to equip these men whom Thou dost this 
day call into Thy service of leadership, that they may 
have wisdom and grace to follow the example of those 
who have lived high lives and have served Thee humbly 
and faitlifully, so that tliey may have a part in the future 
glory of our great Nation. 

Forgive our national sins. Accept our praises for Thy 
loving-kindness, and bless all the people. For Christ's 
sake. Amen. 

Mr. Robinson submitted the following resolutions (S. 
Res. 281), which were read: 

Resolved, Ttiat the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of 
the death of the Hon. James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the 
State of Arkansas and President pro tempore of the Senate. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to 
the House of Representatives and transmit a copy tlicreof to tlie 
family of the deceased. 

The Vice President. The question is on agreeing to the 
resolutions submitted by the Senator from Arkansas. 

The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. 

Mr. Robinson. Mr. President, as a further mark of re- 
spect to the memory of my late colleague, I move that the 
Senate do now adjourn. 

The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 3 
o'clock and 8 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until 
to-morrow, December 5, 1916, at 12 o'clock meridian. 

TUE.SDAY, December 12, 1916. 
The Vice President presented resolutions adopted by 
sundry citizens of the municipality of Calumpit, Bulacan, 
P. I., in mass meeting assembled, on the death of Hon. 
James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the State of Ar- 
kansas and President pro tempore of the Senate, which 
were ordered to lie on the table and to be printed in the 
Record, as follows : 



[6] 



Proceedings in the Senate 



[Translation? 

Calimpit. Bulacan, p. I., 

Xouember 1. 1916. 
Sir: I have the honor to forward you, inclosed herewith, copy 
of a resolution of sympathy adopted by the residents of this 
municipality of Calumpit, Bulacan, upon the death of the Senator 
from Arkansas, United States, Hon. James P. Clarke, valiant de- 
fender of Philippine independence, in order that you may advise 
the American Senate thereof. 
Very respectfully, 

M. Serrano. 
The Secretary of the American' Senate, 

Washington, D. C. 

[Translation] 
MESSAGE OF. SYMPATHY 

Calumpit. Bulacan, P. I., 

October 2.9, 1916. 
The town of Calumpit voices the regret created throughout the 
Philippines by the news of the death of Hon. J.ames P. Clarke, 
Senator from Arkansas, in a mass meeting composed of the resi- 
dents of said municipality, held on this date at 6 p. m. in the 
Plaza Rizal, opposite the city hall. After a patriotic address 
delivered by the municipal president, Mr. Mariano Serrano, upon 
the death of Hon. James P. Clarke, Senator from Arkansas, it was 
agreed, in the form of a resolution, to express the sympathy of 
the town of Calumpit for the death of the Senator, and for which 
purpose a committee of three was appointed, composed of Messrs. 
Mariano Serrano, Deogracias Macam, and Sergio Cespedez, to 
draft and send the message of sympathy. 

resolution 

Whereas the Manila press, in telegrams received from the United 
States, has given the sad news of the death in .\merica of 
Senator James P. Clarke; 

Whereas it is common knowledge thai the deceased Senator is the 
author of the famous amendment called the " Clarke amend- 
ment," whereby the concession of absolute independence to the 
Philippines was provided, to take effect in not less than two 
nor more than four vears; 



[7] 



Memorial Addresses : Senator Clarke 

Whereas said amendment, while through unprecedented efforts of 
some enemies to our cause in the United States, was not con- 
verted into law, was a faithful and unmistakable expression of 
the sympathies of the illustrious Senator, deceased, with the 
cause of independence of the Filipino people; 

Whereas in the death of Senator James P. Clarke the Philippine 
Islands have lost one of their most loyal, enthusiastic, and de- 
termined supporters of their cause: Therefore the town of 
Calumpit 
Resolved, To express, as it hereby docs express, the profound 

sorrow with which it has received the news of the death of Hon. 

James P. Clabke, of Arkansas, Member of the United States Senate 

and President pro tempore thereof. 

Resolved further. That the committee appointed forward copies 

of this resolution to the Senate of the United States, to the family 

of the deceased, and to the Manila press, especially to the papers 

El Ideal and Consolidacion, for its publication, as well as to the 

two houses of the Philippine Legislature. 

Mariano Serrano. 
Deogracias Mac am. 
Sergio C^spedez. 

Saturday, December 16, 1916. 

The Vice President presented resolutions adopted by 
the municipal board of Manila, Philippine Islands, on 
the death of Hon. James P. Clarke, late a United States 
Senator from the State of Arkansas, which were ordered 
to lie on the table. 

The resolutions and letter of transmittal are as follows: 

City of Manila, Municipal Board, 

November 6, 1916. 

Sir: I have the honor to send you herewith self-explanatory 

copy of resolution adopted by the municipal board of the city of 

Manila, and to request that the same be read in the United States 

Senate, of which you are the honorable President. 

Respectfully, 

Perkecto del Rosabio, 

Secretary. 
To the President United States Senate, 

Washington, D. C. 

[8] 



Proceedings in the Senate 



EXCERPT FKOM THE MINUTES OF THE MUNICIPAL BOARD OF THE CITY 
OF MANILA OF NOVEMBER C, 1016 

Whereas the Almighty God has seen lit to take to His bosom the 
pure soul of Hon. James P. Clarke, late United States Senator 
from the State of Arkansas; 

Whereas the Hon. James P. Clarke during his long life has evi- 
denced before his countrymen and foreigners the austerity of 
his conscience by practicing what is right and doing what 
is just; 

Whereas the Hon. J. P. Clarke moved and tenaciously and 
heroically defended his very well-known amendment to the 
then Jones bill; 

Whereas said favorable amendment was the best that could fit 
the warmest Filipino love for his national independence, at the 
same time guaranteeing the absolute transfer under firm and 
sure basis, the actual United States sovereignty over the Philip- 
pines to the Filipino people within a period of time not less 
than two nor more than four years; 

Whereas in this country from time immemorial come forth by 
spontaneous generation the fragrant and delicate flower of 
gratitude: Therefore be it 
Resolved by this municipal board, as now it hereby does, to 

manifest its profoundest sorrow for the death of the honorable 

Senator from Arkansas, J. P. Clarke, making its condolence of 

record and sending copies of this resolution to the distinguished 

family of the deceased and to the United States Senate. 

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy 

of resolution adopted from the minutes of the municipal board 

on the date above written. 

DoMiNADOR Gomez, 

President. 
City of Manila, Municipal Board, 

November 7, 1916. 

Thursday, January 11, 1917. 

Mr. Kern. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that 

on Saturday, the 17th day of February. 1917, immediately 

after the routine morning business, the Senate will be 

asked to consider resolutions in commemoration of the 



[9] 



IVIlv.MORIAL AoilRESSES : SENATOR ClaRKL 



life, character, and public services of Senator Benjamin 
F. Shively, of Indiana; of Senator Edwin C. Burleigh, of 
Maine; and of Senator James P. Clarke, of Arkansas. 

Saturday, January 13, 1917. 

The Presiding Officer laid before the Senate a message 
of condolence from the municipal council of Calauan, 
Laguna, Philippine Islands, on the death of Hon. James P. 
Clarke, late a Senator from the State of Arkansas, which 
was referred to the Committee on the Philippines. 

The message and resolutions are as follows: 

[Translation] 

Municipal Government of Calauan, 

Laguna, P. I. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE EXTR\ORDINARY SESSION HELD 
BY THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF CALAUAN AT 7 o'CLOCK ON NOVEM- 
BER 2, 1916 

Present: Mr. Ramon Limdico, president pro tempore; Mr. Juan 
Castro, Mr. Laureano Calongcalong, Mr. Simeon Javier, Mr. Brigido 
Pascual, Mr. Julian Aquino, Mr. Cipriano Malate, Mr. Agustin 
Mediarito, councilors. 

Absent: Mr. Caspar Fajardo. president. 

Note. — One seat on tlie council vacant. 

Mr. Ramon Limdico, municipal vice president, acting president 
in the absence of the incumbent, reported to the council a reso- 
lution of the municipal president, Mr. Caspar Fajardo, in con- 
sequence of the sad notice published by the press relative to the 
death of the Hon. James P. Clarke, Senator from Arkansas, United 
States of America, who in life defended the early independence 
of the Philippines. 

On motion of Councilor Brigido Pascual, seconded by all those 
present, the following was agreed upon : 

RESOLUTION NO. 64 

Whereas the Hon. James P. Clarke died in Little Rock, Ark., on 
the 1st of the present month of October; 



[10] 



PROrEEOINflS IN THE SENATE 



Whereas the Hon. James P. Clarke during the discussion of the 

present Jones bill introduced an amendment that conceded 

independence to the Philippines within a period of not more 

than four years or less than two years; 

Whereas in the death of the Hon. James P. Clarke the Philippines 

have lost one of the best defenders of their cause: Therefore 

Resolved, That the municipal council of Calauan, Province of 

Laguna, P. I., express, as it hereby expresses, the profound sorrow 

with which it has received the news of the death of the Hon. 

James P. Clarke, and 

Resolved further, That the municipal secretary of this body be 
ordered to send a certified copy of this resolution to the Senate 
of the United States of America through the provincial board, as 
well as to the family of the deceased and to the press. 

I certify that the foregoing resolution is faithfully transcribed. 

Q. P. Tesoro, 
Municipal Secretary. 

Copy for the Senate of the United States of America, through 
the provincial board of Laguna, P. I. 

Office of the Municipal Secretary, 

Calauan, La Laguna, P. I. 

[First indorsement] 

The Provincial Government of Laguna, 

Santa Cruz, P. L, 
November 29, 1916. 
Respectfully forwarded to the Senate of the United States of 
America. 

By order of the provincial board. 

Casto Mandi, 
Secretary Provincial Board. 

Thursday, February 15, 1917. 
Mr. Robinson. Mr. President, some days ago the Senator 
from Indiana [Mr. Kern] gave notice that on Saturday, 
the 17th day of February, 1917, immediately after the 
routine morning business, he would ask the Senate to 
consider resolutions in commemoration of the life, char- 
acter, and public services of the late Senator Benjamin 

[11] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

F. Shively, of Indiana; the late Senator Edwin C. Burleigh, 
of Maine; and of the late Senator James P. Clarke, of 
Arkansas. A conference has been held by Senators from 
the States of Indiana, Maine, and Arkansas, and at the 
suggestion of the Senator from Indiana [Mr. Kern] and 
other Senators, and for the convenience of Senators, I 
submit a request for unanimous consent, as follows: 

That the Senate convene on Sunday, February 18, 1917, at II 
o'clock a. m., to consider resolutions in commemoration of the 
life, character, and public services of the late Senator Benjamin 
F. Shively, of Indiana; the late Senator Edwin C. Burleigh, of 
Maine; and the late Senator James P. Clarke, of Arkansas. 

The Presiding Officer (Mr. Beckham in the chair). Is 
there objection to the unanimous - consent agreement? 
The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. 

Sunday, February 18, 1917. 

Mr. Robinson. Mr. President, pursuant to the notice 
heretofore given, I offer the resolutions which I send to 
the desk and ask for their adoption. 

The Vice President. The resolutions will be read. 

The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of 
the death of the Hon. James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the 
State of Arkansas. 

Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased, the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable 
his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and 
distinguished public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to 
the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the 
family of the deceased. 



[12] 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 



Address of Mk. Robinson, of Arkansas 

Mr. President: The notable career of the late Senator 
James P. Clarke, of Arkansas, was closed by sudden 
death on October 1, 1916. Within four months after his 
demise the legislature of our State adopted a resolution 
providing for the erection of his statue in Statuary Hall 
in commemoration of his services to Arkansas and to 
the Nation. 

Mr. Clarke was born in Yazoo City, Miss., August 18, 
1854. He studied in the common schools and other local 
educational institutions of Mississippi and graduated in 
law at the University of Virginia in 1878. He entered 
upon the practice of his profession at Helena, Ark., in 
the following j'ear. In 1886 his political career began with 
service in the lower house of the general assembly. In 
1888 he was elected to the State senate for a term of four 
years, becoming president pro tempore of that body and 
ex ofTlcio lieutenant governor. In 1892 he was elected at- 
torncN' general of Arkansas, and in 1894 governor of that 
State. Three years later he resumed the practice of law 
at Little Rock and actively pursued his profession until 
his election to the United States Senate in 1902. His serv- 
ice in this body began March 4, 1903, and his influential 
activities here continued until his death. 

The action of the General Assembly of Arkansas in 
authorizing the statue of Senator Clarke to be placed in 
our National Hall of Fame wilhin so short a time follow- 
ing his departure is an unusual tribute. Considered in 
connection with the fact that he had many personal an- 
tagonisms and political controversies, the enmities of 

[13] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

which must have survived him, this tribute to his charac- 
ter and services is the more pronounced. This honor was 
prompted by appreciation of the personal integrity and 
marked ability which characterized the private and pub- 
lic career of Senator Clarke rather than by affection and 
gratitude. There arc other names associated with the 
progress of Arkansas that thrill her people with loving 
memories. Gen. Patrick Cleburne ranks with Jeb Stuart, 
Bedford Forrest, and Stonewall Jackson in courage and 
daring. The songs of Albert Pike, his chivalric, knightly 
character and striking personality, render him immortal. 
Augustus H. Garland was among the Nation's greatest 
lawyers and statesmen. James K. Jones led his party for 
many years with courage, fidelity, and distinction. U. M. 
Rose was for the lifetime of a generation the most cul- 
tured man at the American bar. His knowledge of liter- 
ature and art was not greater than his comprehension of 
the principles of justice and equity, which form the basis 
of our social, industrial, and political system. Any two 
of these are worthy of places in Statuai-y Hall, and it has 
been the difficulty of choosing among them that has kept 
vacant one of the niches reserved for Arkansas. Any inan 
who pursues a long political career must incur enmities. 
One who is always aggressive and uncompromising natu- 
rally accumulates many political enemies. This was the 
case with Senator Clarke. Yet so highly is his memory 
esteemed in Arkansas that the legislature has already 
voted the resolution according him a place among the 
Nation's immortals. 

PERSONAL HABITS 

One of the secrets of the success which attended the 
efforts of Senator Clarke is found in his personal habits. 
They were in every respect above reproach and criticism. 



[14] 



Address ok Mr. Robinson, of Arkansas 

Notwithstanding his impulsive nature, he never dissipated 
and never indulged in excesses in any form. He abstained 
from the use of alcohol and tobacco, was systematic in his 
labors, and regular in his hours of work and recreation. 
His exercise consisted almost entirely of walking. He 
never engaged in sports or pastimes. Had he done so, in 
all probability he would still survive. He lived in a state 
of almost constant tension. His amusements were limited 
to the pleasantries of conversations with intimate asso- 
ciates. He rarely attended theaters, never read poetry, 
and found little pleasure in music. His greatest delight 
came from his knowledge and study of the peculiarities 
and personal traits of prominent men. Senator Clarke 
read comparatively few books. In speeches he rarely 
quoted any one; yet he possessed the greatest fund of 
valuable information and the smallest amount of useless 
knowledge of any man I have ever known. The sources 
of his knowledge, its accuracy and thoroughness, were 
sometimes subjects of amazement to his friends. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF HIS PUBLIC SERVICE 

It is not practicable to review on this occasion the de- 
tails of his public service. It is my good fortune to have 
known him all my life and to be familiar with the main- 
springs of both his public and private conduct. They 
were integrity, courage, absolute independence, and con- 
sequent masterful will power. His public career was 
long. There was never an hour of it when his character 
and conduct were not under the scrutiny of friends and 
enemies, notwithstanding his detestation of notoriety- ; 
yet he was never suspected of dishonesty or of willful 
disloyaltj' to the public interests. He was always observed 
and frequently assailed, but never was his personal or 
oflicial integrity impeached or questioned. He once said 
to me : " I have some conlidences but no secrets." 



[15] 



Memokiai. Addresses: Senatou Clarke 

Physical and moral courage were equalh' distinctive 
traits of this remarkable man. His physical courage was 
primitive, at times almost savage. Until late in life his 
habit was to invite conflict, never to avoid it. He had 
many personal encounters. The readiness with which he 
avenged an insult and the relentlessness with which he 
pursued an enemy were perhaps the least admirable traits 
of his otherwise marvelous character. 

It is not often that moral and physical courage in equal 
proportions are combined in a single character, but 
in Senator Clarke extraordinary physical courage was 
equaled, if not excelled, by moral courage. He did not 
fear to take any stand, to advance against any measure 
which his judgment condemned, or to spring to the sup- 
port of any principle which his conscience approved. 
He was the only public man I ever knew whom I regarded 
as absolutely free from demagoguery and every other 
form of political pretense or dissimulation. A great man 
who has served a generation in Congress once said: 

I am as sincere in my public utterances and acts as the exigen- 
cies of politics will permit. 

He spoke the truth. Next to Senator Clarke, that man 
approaches as nearly to absolute independence of thought 
and action in public matters as any man whom I have 
known. A great newspaper published in Arkansas once 
said, in substance: 

Whatever one's personal feelings toward him may be. Senator 
Clarke can not fairly be accused of any form of demagoguery. 

Indeed, he was more likely to choose the unpopular 
than the popular position. The unqualified independ- 
ence of Senator Clarke frequently brought him into oppo- 
sition with his party associates. During the administra- 
tion of President Roosevelt the Panama Canal legislation 
was opposed by the Democratic organization in the Sen- 



[16] 



Address of Mh. IIobinson, or Arkansas 

ate. Its passage was accomplished, as Mr. Roosevelt has 
stated, largely through the exertions of Senator Clarke. 

When the so-called Bristow amendment, the joint 
resolution providing for the election of United States 
Senators hy popular vote, was pending in the Senate 
niapy Democratic Senators from Southern States ex- 
pressed the fear that force bills would result, and sought 
to modify the amendment so as to deny to the Federal 
Government control over elections. Senator Clarke de- 
clared that the preservation of the Government may in 
the future depend upon its control of the selection of its 
oflicers. He voted for the Bristow amendment and 
against the Bacon amendment giving to the States the 
power to fix the times, places, and manner of holding 
elections. The Bristow amendment became a part of 
the Constitution. His vote was indispensable to its 
passage. His contribution last Congress to the defeat of 
the ship-purchase bill, strongly advocated by the adminis- 
tration, and its modification during the present Congress 
to conform in part to his views are familiar history to all 
Senators. 

His election as President pro tempore of the Senate 
when the Democrats secured control of the organization 
in 1913 was an honor which he and the people of our State 
heartily appreciated. Speaking for the most part to 
Senators who are familiar with his personality and his 
services, 1 deem it not improper to say that this recogni- 
tion was the tribute of his associates to his unimpeachable 
integrity and his notable ability, and was in no wise the 
result of that partiality which sometimes brings unmer- 
ited favor to men in public life. 

His reelection as President pro tempore of the Senate at 
a time when his relationship with some of his party col- 
leagues was strained on account of his opposition to the 
ship-purchase bill, an administration measure, gives em- 

82810"— 17 2 [17] 



Memori.\l Addresses: Senator Clarke 

phasis to this view and illustrates his ability to impress his 
personality upon his associates in spite of the opposition 
which his course inevitably aroused. 

When the Adamson eight-hour bill was voted upon by 
the Senate, Senator Clarke and one other Democrat voted 
against the measure. He regarded the bill as a direct en- 
croachment upon the freedom of contract and as legisla- 
tion under improper restraint and influences approximat- 
ing compulsion. It has been stated that he declined to 
sign the bill as President pro tempore because of his op- 
position to it. It is true that he vacated the chair and 
called the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. Hughes] to pre- 
side when the bill was received for signature; but I hap- 
pen to know that his acUon in this instance was not 
prompted by his opposition to the measure but by a de- 
sire to accord the privilege of signing it to one of his inti- 
mate personal friends who had been a strong advocate of 
the bill and whose whole career in Congress had been sig- 
nalized by a friendly attitude toward legislation in the in- 
terest of labor. There is no mistake in the assertion that 
he was unalterably opposed to the bill, but his failure to 
sign it was prompted principally by the sentimental con- 
sideration above stated rather than by sheer obstinacy. 

The Panama Canal bill, the Bristow amendment, the 
ship-purchase bill, and the eight-hour law are all meas- 
ures of paramount and far-reaching importance. All 
forms of political and personal pressure, amounting to 
almost tcmporai-y social and political ostracism, were ex- 
erted to induce him to yield in every one of these in- 
stances. In no case did he seriously consider modifying 
his position except with reference to the ship-purchase 
bill. In that case, if he did not slightly modify his atti- 
tude, he was almost persuaded to do so. 



[18] 



Adobkss of Mk. Robinson, of Arkansas 

philippine independence 

During the last session of Congress, when the Philippine 
Government bill was under consideration. Senator Clarke 
offered an amendment providing for independence to the 
Filipinos within a short, fixed period. Opposition to the 
amendment was organized and powerful, and the contest 
was one of the fiercest which I have observed in Congress 
during 15 years' service. His amendment, in a modified 
form, passed the Senate, but was defeated in the House 
of Representatives. Its defeat was a great disappointment 
to Senator Clarke, who believed in a prompt grant of 
independence to the Philippines as necessary to preserve 
amicable relations with certain oriental powers, and to 
maintain the honor and good faith of the United States as 
expressed in its traditional policies, its treaties, the Con- 
stitution, and the Declaration of Independence. 

These instances illustrate his independent grasp of pub- 
lic questions. They are by no means exhaustive. His 
views and services were practical rather than theoretical. 
He never advocated purely idealistic propositions, but in- 
variably justified his course by considerations of justice 
and the public interest. 

DOMINATING SPIRIT 

The impatience with which he encountered opposition, 
his decisive views and aggressive assertion of them, and 
his dominating spirit arc known to every Senator here. 
His appeal was to the group rather than to the individual 
or the multitude. His influence with courts, juries, com- 
mittees, and like organizations was remarkable, and at 
times astounding. He was almost indifferent to popular 
opinion. His freedom from all forms of demagoguerj', of 
which I have already spoken, is illustrated by the fact that 
he never advertised, never appealed to sympathy. 



[19] 



Mhmoriu. AnnuKssEs: Senatoh Clarke 

Unfriendliness toward newspapers and newspaper men 
marked liis entire public career. He rarely granted inter- 
views, never explained through the newspapers, and fre- 
quently provoked unfriendly editorial comment by an in- 
tolerant manner. Some of the newspapers in our State 
pursued a persistent policy of antagonizing him and their 
reporters and correspondents were instructed to " knock " 
him. He rarely took public notice of unfavorable com- 
ments, but freely expressed, in a personal way, his resent- 
ment at this treatment. 

Had he pursued a different course, had he been con- 
siderate of the feelings of newspaper reporters and 
availed himself, as most public men do, of fair and 
just opportunities for publicity, his unusual attainments 
and mental powers would have been more generally 
known and appreciated. 

SOME CLARKE EPIGRAMS 

The power of terse, epigrammatical statement charac- 
terized Senator Clarke's utterances. I have paraphrased 
a few of his sentences so striking or original as to merit 
preservation, as follows: 

The hate squad in political warfare is always on the firing line, 
brother; it never sleeps nor goes off duty. It is commanded by 
disappointed office seekers. 

There exist no political friendsliips; they are merely political 
alliances. 

The ever-increasing details of senatorial labor tend to belittle 
the office. Under the existing system we exhaust our energy in 
attention to the trivial and personal requests of our constituents 
and retain neither the strength nor the disposition to devote our- 
selves vigorously to the great public issues. 

It is Hot so much the requests of my constituents which I have 
refused to grant that have embarrassed my public service as 
those which I have attempted to grant to the neglect of vital 
public duties. 



[20] 



AiJDHEss oi Mh. Robinson, of Ahkansas 

No one deserves to be a Senator who shirks responsibility by 
hiding behind a caucus edict. I am anxious to confer with my 
colleagues and gladly yield to them in nonessentials, but in mat- 
ters vital to the Nation's welfare I must be true to my own 
convictions. 

If the people knew the petty jealousies and the selfishness that 
animate officialdom, their patriotism might be staggered. 

I never placate an enemy. 

While every man owes a portion of his time to the public, a 
poor man is foolish to pursue politics through the earning period 
of life, and thus approach its end in regret and poverty. 

The professional politician, like the professional gambler, 
always loses the big stake if he plays the game long enough. 

One of the important principles of our Government is to mini- 
mize the influence of selfishness in its actual administration. 

The Constitution is too often invoked to justify as an individual 
right what the public condemn as a moral wrong. 

The traditional devotion of this Government to liberty requires 
that we pledge a prompt grant of independence to the Philippine 
people. 

Nature compensates in part the loss of pow'er that frequently 
attends old age by inability to realize approaching senility. 

In his last campaign he was exhorted by friends to 
distribute garden seeds and Government documents as a 
means of promoting his renoniination. In the course of 
a public speech he said substantially: 

I have been told that my candidacy would be more popular if I 
would send the voters garden seeds and documents. This does 
not appeal to me as a justification for your favor, but if you view 
the subject differently you will no doubt be gratified to learn that 
a carload of Government documents and seed is now on the way 
to .\rkansas. I hope, however, that none of you will be influenced 
by such means to vote for me. 

On another occasion he said : 

Complaint is made that 1 do not answer letters. I receive a 
great many communications that in no wise relate to my public 
duties; letters that concern the private wishes of some of my 
constituents. I have answered every letter which I regarded as 



[21] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

worthy of an answer, and I inform you now that if I am reelected 
to the Senate I shall write fewer letters during the next six years 
than I have written during the last. 

The foregoing are reproduced from memory and are 
incomplete and inaccurate, but they serve to illustrate and 
emphasize the unusual character of Senator Clarke's 
mind and manner. 

courage in the face of death 

The extraordinary personal courage of this man did not 
fail him in the face of death. His intimate associates had 
known for some months before the end that he expe- 
rienced physical infirmities which occasioned him anxiety. 
He was aware of the nature of the malady with which he 
was afflicted — arteriosclerosis — and knew that it was in- 
curable. A few months before his death, contemplating 
the future, he said to me: 

If I could call back ten years, I would propose that we retire 
from politics and form a partnership for the practice of law; but 
it is now too late for me to make that change. I am facing 
the wall. 

His face assumed the rigidness of marble, and he con- 
cluded with this statement: 

I shall end my career in the Senate, and it will not continue 
long. One of the principal ambitions of my life in youth was to 
become a United States Senator. My only regret is that I have 
been unable to so control my labors as to apply my energies 
unreservedly to the great problems with which I have been called 
to deal. 

Three days before his death Senator Clarke was stricken 
in his office with apoplexy, and while being removed to 
his home in an automobile a young man of my acquaint- 
ance passed him on the street. He was sitting upright 
between two friends. His demeanor was so complacent 



[22] 



Address ok Mk. Robinson, or Arkansas 

and unchanged that, although he was dying and could 
not speak, the young man, mistaking his fortitude for the 
manifestation of health and vigor, said to me an hour 
later: "I saw the senior Senator a little while ago. He 
looked unusuallj' well," Imagine my feelings when I 
shortly learned that he was being borne to his deathbed. 
On the following Sunday about noon, surrounded by his 
family, he passed resignedly into eternity. 

Senator Clarke was endowed with a great mind and 
possessed an indomitable spirit. His devotion to duty, 
his adherence to the public interest, and his indifference 
to censure which ordinarily deters feeble souls, marked 
him as an extraordinary man. If he had yielded to the 
promptings of his generous heart and forgiven the wrongs 
which his manner invited; if he had cultivated more flow- 
ers and planted fewer trees; if he had known more of 
charity and less of will, his life would doubtless have been 
happier, but in all probability his public services would 
have been less fruitful. 



[23] 



Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts 

Mr. President : The news of the death of Senator Clarke, 
which came to us last October with the shock of a sur- 
prise, brought to me not only genuine sorrow but a deep 
sense of personal loss. I never had known Senator Clarke 
until he entered the Senate, and I shall not attempt to 
say anything in regard to his career prior to that time, 
which can be done much better and with a more perfect 
knowledge by others. 1 desire merely to give the impres- 
sion he made upon me during our years together in the 
Senate. After we first met in this Chamber our acquaint- 
ance soon ripened into friendship. Our service upon 
the Committee on Foreign Relations gave us subjects of 
a common interest, and this widened to many others, not 
only those connected with the work of the Senate but to 
all the matters, great and small, concerning men and 
things about which friends are wont to talk. Dr. Holmes 
says that in every one of us there are three men: John as 
he appears to himself, John as he appears to others, and 
the real John. But the real man can be discovered, I 
think, through his acts and words, and through the com- 
parison and combination of the judgments of others. 
I can only speak of Senator Clarke as he appeared to 
me, and my opinion and estimate may vary from those 
of others, but this at least I can say, that my judgment of 
him was neither casual nor hasty. 

When the wise men of Northumbria gathered, some 
fourteen hundred years ago, to deliberate on the new 
Christian faith to which their King Eadwine had pledged 
himself, an aged ealdorman said : 

So seems the life of man, King, as a sparrow's flight through 
the hall where a man is sitting at meat in wlntertidc with the 

[24] 



Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts 

warm fire lighted on the hearths but the chill rainstorm without. 
The sparrow flies in at one door and tarries for a moment in the 
light and heat of the hearth fire, and then, flying forth from the 
other, vanishes into the wintry darkness whence it came. So 
tarries for a moment the life of man in our sight. 

To all engaged in active pursuits, still more to those of 
us in public life, there comes a vision of many men and 
many faces as we flutter through the warm and lighted 
hall of life. One blurs into another and they pass like the 
marching hundreds of a great procession and leave only 
the impression of multitude behind. In Meissonier's fa- 
mous picture of the Cuirassiers passing the Emperor at 
the Battle of Fricdland there is an overwhelming sense 
conveyed of a vast mass of charging cavalry, of men 
with uplifted sabers shouting the cry of onset, and of 
crowding horses, wild eyed and with wide, distended nos- 
trils. And yet I believe there are only seven men and 
horses actually and separately delineated; all the rest is 
the indication and suggestion of multitude by the art of 
the painter. So, as we unroll the canvas where life has 
stored its pictures, we seem to hear in the silence the 
tones of many voices like the " sounds of water falling," to 
see with the eyes of the mind a great gathering of men 
and women; but as we look closer we discern that mem- 
orj', like the great artist, has, with cunning hand, given 
an unescapable effect of numbers, and yet that there are 
only a few clearly drawn and finished portraits in her gal- 
lery. We soon learn to realize, if we reflect upon it, that 
this is one of nature's more kindly forms of selection, and 
that the counterfeit presentments which she leaves, deep 
graven upon the tablets of memory, of those whom we 
have met in life, after the gates of childhood have closed 
behind us, are not there by accident. It matters not 
whether we have loved or hated the original, the portrait 
is there because its subject possessed qualities which 



[25] 



Memohial Addkksses: Senator Clarke 

could neither be blurred by a crowd nor overlooked and 
disregarded through insignificance. 

Senator Clarke was a man who could not be overlooked. 
One might like or dislike him, but it was impossible to 
disregard him. He had an arresting personality. For 
my part, I liked him from the first, and as the years passed 
iny feelings changed from liking to affection, and with the 
affection was mingled much genuine admiration. He 
was, of course, an able man. His success in life and the 
ofiices he held demonstrated his abilities. But there are 
many men of ability and industry who are not interesting 
and who lack the character and qualities which command 
admiration, even if it is accorded with reluctance. Sena- 
tor Clarke was interesting. That fact I soon discovered, 
and I was struck very early in our acquaintance with the 
alertness of his mind and with his keen sense of humor. 
His mind worked with really extraordinary rapidity, and 
when this quickness of comprehension was found in com- 
bination with humor it is hardly necessary to add that he 
was a sympathetic companion. He talked extremely 
well, and that which was best about his talk was that it 
was all his own, for, so far as my observation went, he 
almost never indulged in anecdote, which he shunned, I 
think, because the long-drawn story bored him, and he 
was bored, it seemed to me, rather easily. It is no doubt 
an amiable trait to suffer bores gladly, but the man who 
does not do so — and Senator Clarke did not — is pretty 
certain never to be tiresome himself. Another quality 
which made him attractive was his intellectual honesty, 
whether he was dealing with men or events, and he was 
singularly free, in forming and expressing his opinions, 
from the prejudices of cither locality or environment, 
which usually mark the village outlook and the parochial 
mind. 



[26] 



Address of Mh. Lodge, ok M.\ss.\(.iirsi:ns 

With his intellcclual honesty went ahnost necessarily 
intellectual courage. He never retracted or fell back 
from his own beliefs or conclusions. His moral courage 
was on the same plane. 1 have never seen a man in 
public life more wholly courageous in all public questions, 
whether political or otlierwise. I do not say this because 
on several rather conspicuous occasions he voted against 
his own party. This is not uncommon, and often requires 
courage, although at times it is due to very different mo- 
tives and qualities. I have recognized and appreciated 
his courage when he was against the views I held quite 
as much as when we were in sympathy. Sometimes it 
has seemed to me that the position he took was .simply 
perverse, but the courage with which he maintained it 
was just as clear as in any other case. He never feared to 
stand alone. Intellectual or political solitude had for 
him no terrors, although he was by no means a solitary 
man and liked and depended upon the society of his 
friends. He had a hatred of base compliance and of 
timidity, especially moral timidity, and this led him 
perhaps at times to extremes and to the occasional 
apparent perversities of judgment of which I have 
spoken. But however much one might differ from 
him, it was impossible not to respect him. By force 
of intelligence and character he came to a high place 
in the Senate, and no one ever doubted that he was 
a man of power with whom it was necessary to reckon. 
His death leaves a gap in our public life not easily filled, 
and has caused a break in the friendship of many of us 
which will always be remembered with affectionate 
sorrow. 

I have only attempted to give the merest sketch of Sen- 
ator Ci-ARKE as he appeared to me. It has, I think, at least 
this merit, that it is entirely true so far as I saw and knew 



[27] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

him, and I know that he would have preferred the truth 
to be spoken. OHver Cromwell, when Sir Peter Lely pro- 
posed to leave out the wart in the portrait, said, " Paint 
me as I am." This, I am sure, would be Senator Clarke's 
wish, and this is what 1 have tried to do, but I am well 
aware how imperfect any sketch must be. I have sought 
only to give an impression of the man and to point out 
his most salient attributes, but the quality for which Sen- 
ator Clarke commands especial commemoration, the one 
for which he should long be remembered, was his com- 
plete courage shown in a time and place and in a mode 
of life where we are not overburdened or oppressed with 
that high virtue. He had an intellectual courage which 
never faltered before the conclusions reached by his rea- 
son; a moral courage which never shrank from loyalty to 
his convictions and his sense of duty; a high personal 
courage to which the fear of any man or any body of men 
was not only unknown but impossible. It is thus that I 
have read the character and the qualities, both intellec- 
tual and moral, of the friend whose death I so deeply and 
3incerely mourn. 



[28] 



Address of Mr. Bryan, of Florida 

Mr. President : We remember many of our public men 
only because they were successful in politics. We think 
of the office, and then, by the association of ideas, figure 
out who held it at a given time. 

Senator Clarke's life was crowded full of political hon- 
ors. Yet I always think of him Grst, and of his office 
afterwards, if at all. 

His fame will rest not upon the fact that he was 
governor and United States Senator, but upon his 
individualit}'. 

He was well equipped for public life. He had ability; 
he was industrious; he hated shams; he was mentally 
honest; he had convictions and the courage thereof. 

He was not provincial, but, on the contrary, compre- 
hended the rights and interests of the whole country, as 
to which he was remarkably well informed. Moreover, 
he loved his country and its institutions. 

If Arkansas honored him, he was an honor to Arkansas. 
If the Senate honored him, he was an honor to the Senate. 

In his death Arkansas has lost a distinguished Senator, 
the Senate has lost one of its leading Members, and the 
country has lost a real statesman. 



[29] 



Address of Mr. Hardwick, of Georgia 

Mr. President: Those wlio knew Senator Clarke best 
admired him most, respected him most, and loved liim 
best. 

Impetuous as Rupert, he was just as dashing, just as 
brave. The Harry Hotspur of senatorial debate, he was 
always a Chesterfield in his manners and in his bearing. 
Possessing a superb mental equipment, he had also that 
far more rare and precious gift of the gods — an unflinch- 
ing courage, both physical and moral, that does not leave 
a man even in the dark hour that immediately precedes 
the dawn, that makes him a marked man among his 
fellows, a leader in Israel. 

It is not my purpose to speak at length or with detail of 
Senator Clarke's long and distinguished service in this 
body. Others who have served with him longer may do so 
more appropriately. If, however, I may be permitted to 
summarize in a word the one predominant feature of that 
service, the crowning virtue of his great public career, I 
should unhesitatingly say it was " independence " — inde- 
pendence of thought and action, of mind and character. 
His figure stood out in si)lcndid and startling relief from 
the drab background of smooth complacency, of easy and 
frequent surrender of principle and conviction that is so 
characteristic of modern politics and of modern politi- 
cians, the greatest and the boldest and the truest and 
bravest American Senator of recent times, man of his 
own mind, captain of his own soul, acknowledging no 
master save the God he worshiped and the great con- 
stituency whose commission he held. 

[30] 



AOHHESS or Mh. HaHDWKK, ok (lEORtilA 

To my mind he was, first, last, and always, the splendid 
prototj'pe of the Roman senator in those early days when 
the glory of the seven-hilled city first began to fill the 
world, and when chiefest among those glories was the 
spotless integrity, the profound wisdom, and the lofty 
patriotism of its senate. 

Senators, we both miss and mourn our erstwhile asso- 
ciate, our late colleague. His dauntless soul has lifted at 
last the veil that enshrouds immortalitj% and the secrets 
of the beyond are bared to his inquiring mind. No tremor 
of fear ever challenged his manhood in life, and we may 
be assured that he went unafraid to meet his Maker and 
his Judge. His great public services have become a part 
of the heritage of his countrymen, and the memory of 
his glorious courage remains with us to cheer us and to 
inspire us when at times the path grows thorny and the 
feet begin to falter. 

l\Iay God assoil his soul and may we meet him again 
in that brighter and fairer land where hypocrisy and 
cowardice are not and where only the true and the pure 
in heart keep the altar fires alight. 

Senators, I loved him, I miss him, 1 mourn him. 



[31] 



Address of Mr. Gallinger, of New Hampshire 

Mr. President: A great lawyer, an eloquent advocate, 
a fearless defender of his principles, a man of strong likes 
and dislikes, James P. Clarke belonged to a class of pub- 
lic men who have contributed largely to the advancement 
of the tilings that most vitally concern the dignity and wel- 
fare of our country. Others will tell of his remarkable 
achievements as a citizen of Arkansas. It is sufficient for 
me to say a few simple words as to my knowledge of the 
man as a member of this body. 

Senator Clarke entered the Senate March 9, 1903, and 
died October 1, 1916, shortly after he had been elected to 
a third term. As a Senator he was noted for his integrity 
of character, fearlessness in debate, and independence on 
the great public questions of the day. Elevated to the 
high office of President pro tempore of the Senate, he 
discharged the duties of that position with absolute im- 
partiality. No member of the minority had any reason to 
fear that he would not be protected in every right that 
belonged to him or that the rules of the body would not 
be administered in a most scrupulous manner. 

Impatient in speech and militant in manner. Senator 
Clarke took a high rank as a debater, demonstrating his 
great knowledge of the traditions of the Senate and of the 
fundamental principles of both national and international 
law. 

Senator Clarke, in common with other Members of 
the Senate who have been here a long time, was a firm 
believer in free and unlimited debate, and vigorously op- 



[32] 



AnoRivSs OK Mu. (Iai-I-inger, of Ni:w I1.\mi>.shirk 

posed all allcmj)ts at cloture, no matter what form they 
might take. " This is the only tribunal on earth," said he 
at one time, " where there is unlimited debate, and there 
is no question of relevancy here except what is designated 
in the rules." 

On another occasion the advocates of cloture attempted 
to take a long step in the accomplishment of their ends 
by demanding that a Senator must confine his remarks 
to the question before the Senate. Senator Clarke was 
quick to voice his objection to such a course, declaring 
that if the rule were applied that a Senator must confine 
his remarks to the proposition which the Senate had be- 
fore it " it would depopulate the Senate and absolutely 
doom some of us to eternal silence, if we had to talk 
directly to questions that are pending." He believed that 
Senators should be allowed to follow their own methods 
of debate, and not be required to speak with the knowl- 
edge tliat they might be interrupted at any time by an- 
other Senator in whose opinion their remarks were not 
relevant to the subject under discussion. 

As President pro tempore Senator Clarke was con- 
fronted with many situations which would have seriously 
embarrassed a weaker man, but he met them all with 
courage, and inexorably applied to each case the rules 
of the Senate as he interpreted them. He was an expo- 
nent of the theorj' that Senators present but not voting 
should be counted if it was necessary to establish the fact 
that a quorum was present. He many times, while in 
the chair, put that principle into effect, and unhesitat- 
ingh' announced the presence of a quorum even though 
it had not been shown by the vote. 

Senator Clarke was a close student of public affairs, 
particularly those involving legal questions. He spent 
many hours in the Library- of the Senate examining the 
reports of the Federal courts and the records of previous 

82815°— 17 3 [33] 



Memorial Addresses : Senator Clarke 

Congresses for material on which to hase his instructive 
addresses to the Senate, which always commanded the 
close attention of his colleagues. His death left a gap in 
the Senate that it is difficult to fill, and he will be missed 
more and more by those of us who knew tlie man and 
appreciated his splendid qualities of heart and mind. 



[34] 



Addbess of Mr. Sailsbiry, of Delaware 

Mr. Pre.sident: Thirty-five years elapsed between the 
time I first knew James P. Clarke as a law student at the 
I'niversify of Virginia and the time we renewed our ac- 
quaintance in the Senate of the United States. Clarke 
was a young man of 24 and I was a boy of 16 when we first 
became acquainted. He was recognized then at the uni- 
versity as a strong, able, self-willed, determined man. 
I was a young boy in the academic department, and natu- 
rally I felt it a privilege to be acquainted with him and 
have him take some interest in my welfare. The boys 
at the university predicted that Clarke's ability would 
earn*' him far, and they were not in error. 

Those of us who have had strenuous experience in the 
political field know that a man who sers'es in his State 
house of representatives, thence goes into the State 
senate, becomes attorney general of his State, is chosen 
by his people as their governor, and then elected to the 
United States Senate for three terms not only has great 
abilitv', determination, and all qualities that go to make 
up leadership, but that he has impressed his work and 
attainments thoroughly upon those who have the oppor- 
tunity to know him best — the people back home. 

It is doubtless a great satisfaction to a man of Senator 
Clarke's preeminent ability to have that ability recog- 
nized in the wider field of national politics, but when your 
constituents time and again have shown their high appre- 
ciation, as the people of Arkansas did in the case of Sena- 
tor Clarke, one can have the double satisfaction of know- 
ing that back home, where men are weighed in different 
scales, the constant support and appreciation shown by 



[35] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

them leaves no real terrors for a self-reliant, conscientious 
representative of the people when, perchance, defeat may 
come to him, and he returns to pass the remainder of his 
life among them. Kipling has expressed this thought in a 
way which seems to me as striking as any I have heard : 

Old Nineveh town lias nothing to give 
For the place where a man's own folks still live; 
He might have been that or he may be this, 
But they love him and hate him for what he is. 

I have no doubt from my own knowledge of Senator 
Clarke that he had his full share of loves and hates, but 
I have never known a man who was more absolutely self- 
reliant, willing to meet any contest forced upon him or 
which he forced upon his antagonists, and, personally, I 
can not conceive that in any of the stormy episodes of his 
career he ever gave or asked quarter. Dispositions differ, 
so that traits like these may seem admirable or not, but 
no one fails to admire the man of great ability and cour- 
age grappling with whatever questions may be presented, 
entering fearlessly into whatever conditions he may have 
to undergo, and throughout it all exhibiting, as Senator 
Clarke did, an independence of thought, character, and 
action which many would be proud to emulate. 

Some lime before his last reelection Senator Clarke 
said to me that he had never been satisfied fully with his 
career in the Senate, and that he hoped, if reelected, he 
would be able to devote himself to the larger questions of 
statesmanship which had been too nmch in his life inter- 
fered with by the urgent claims of practical politics. He 
said to me that he intended during the balance of his 
political career to take a more active part in considera- 
tion of questions of wide importance than he had been 
able to do during his prior terms, and I attribute to this 
intention the very prominent part he took in the consider- 
ation of the Philippine bill, where his proposal of early 

[36] 



Address or Mr. Saii.siu in. oi Delaware 

and certain independence became the storm center of that 
important measure, around which practically all debate 
revolved. I approved of Senator Clarke's conception of 
the right treatment of this mailer, and feel sure that this 
was one of the larger questions allecting the future wel- 
fare of our country to which he had given most careful 
consideration and, as usual, regarding which he reached 
the right conclusion. 

Senator Clarke's powers did not show any signs of fail- 
ure; his services in this body ended probably at the height 
of his intellectual powers. He had become a national 
figure, and achieved that position through intellectual 
ability. Those of us who lived here on terms of friend- 
ship with him admired and respected him as one of the 
great figures in this body. His Stale honored itself and 
him in the selection, as one of her Senators, of this man 
of dominant personality, and those of us who knew him 
well will long hold him in remembrance, in the highest 
esteem and regard. 



[37] 



Address of Mr. Borah, of Idaho 

Mr. President: It has been said that republics have a 
tendency to make moral cowards of public men. It may 
be so, but if so, the man to whose memory we pay tribute 
to-day was a splendid exception to the rule. This tend- 
ency did not leave its impress in any way upon his la- 
bors here. He was one at least who examined all ques- 
tions upon their merits and followed without anxiety or 
apology the course pointed out by an untrammelcd con- 
science and a well-trained mind. Firm in his purposes, 
fearless in the advocacy of his opinions, he belonged to 
that splendid breed of men who mold rather than follow 
public opinion — the only true servants of the people, the 
real defenders of democracy. Neither prestige, prece- 
dents, or popular outcry disturbed him in the least when 
once he had made up his mind as to the justice of a cause 
or the truth concerning the subject in hand. No man had 
a keener or more accurate scent for the specious and in- 
sincere, none more adept and ruthless in striking the mask 
of patriotism from the face of selfishness and fraud. That 
confusion of plan, that sudden change of procedure, that 
drive forward to-day and retreat to-morrow which ever 
accompany the course of those who consult expediency 
rather than truth constituted no part of his public service. 
He did not belong to that class of modern statesmen whose 
capacity to discern the drift of popular sentiment has 
been developed at the expense of the higher and nobler 
faculty of discerning the sound from the unsound, the 
temporary from the permanent, or that which satisfies the 
demands of the day from those great truths which con- 
tribute to the permanent happiness and power of a peo- 
ple. His independence was the constant admiration of 
his colleagues, his moral courage was superb. 

[38J 



Addkess of Mk. Borah, oi Idaho 



We have all often read how at a time when tilings 
seemed going against the plan to formulate a constitution 
and create a government, Washington uttered these 
words : 

It is but too probable that no plan that we can propose will be 
adopted. Perhaps another terrible conflict is to be sustained. If 
to please the people we offer what we ourselves disapprove, how 
can we afterwards defend our work? Let us raise a standard to 
which the wise and honest can repair. The event is in the hand 
of God. 

Underneath these words it is not difficult to discern that 
abiding belief that in the final disposition of things the 
people will measure up to and approve the best plan that 
the bravest and best intellects of the age can give, and 
such a belief is the bedrock foundation upon which the 
higher faith in popular government is built. These words 
of Washington ought to be written above everj' legislative 
hall in our land. Upon any other principle the Republic 
will ultimately break down. The common mistake which 
we are all prone to make is in underrating the wisdom and 
patriotism of the people. They may not always discern 
in the first instance the wisest and the best, but they never 
ultimately reject the truth when the truth is pointed out. 
Those who do not believe that the people are capable of 
indorsing and approving the wisest laws and sustaining 
the most efficient institutions which the best minds and 
bravest hearts can give them do not really catch the true 
principles of popular government at all. They have been 
lured into time-serving paths and missed entirely the 
larger outlines of the great faith. I can pay no higher 
tribute to our departed colleague than to say that he 
walked in manly fashion in the light of these principles. 
He believed that which was wise would ultimately win, 
and that though not popular to-day a measure founded 
in reason and justice would be popular to-morrow. He 

[39] 



Memori,\l Addresses: Senator Clarke 

was willing at ail liincs to wail for vindication in case it 
was not at hand, and he did not worry about the lateness 
of its arrival. He believed in the eternal law of right and 
wrong and by it tested all other laws. If the majority ap- 
proved he was gratified. If not he was not dismayed. He 
knew there was something of the reptile in the man who 
crawls whether at the bidding of a prince or a president, 
something of the intellectual slave in the man who sur- 
renders his conscience to the control of others, whether 
to a king or a multitude. In this body James P. Clarke 
represented himself. The vote he cast was his vote, and 
yet there were among our membership no truer man to 
popular government, no firmer advocate of the just and 
the humane than this self-reliant and upriglit Senator. 

Mr. President, a few years ago one of the most attrac- 
tive men of the South came up into a Northern State and 
told us of a " new South." No one can forget the thrill of 
joy which the rich tones of Grady's voice sent to every 
loyal heart in the land. Old chords were touched by a 
wizard hand and gave up again the strains of nationality. 
The music of the Union of the old days when, as Webster 
tells us, Massachusetts and South Carolina stood about the 
administration of Washington, drowned for years by the 
din of civil conflict, rang strong and true again all the 
way from the plantations of the South to the miner's cabin 
on the slopes of the western mountains. The brilliant 
(leorgian sounded a note sincere and true. I have no 
doubt that here and there sleeping in southern bosoms 
may be found something of the old prejudice which some 
untoward act might arouse; I have no doubt there are still 
those in the North who arc unable, honestly unable, to free 
themselves from the strong feelings engendered by the 
stress and strain of those terrible days. We neither quar- 
rel with nor criticize those people. But if I mistake not 



[40] 



AODKESS OF Mh. BoHAH, 01 loAHO 



there is not only a new South hut a new North — a North 
which has finally torn from its heart the old feeling of 
suspicion and hate and which has finally come forward to 
the place where Lincoln stood at the close of the war, a 
North which realizes deeply and profoundly that the 
South more than any other part of the country must deal 
with that peculiar prohlem of wliich no one can think 
without a tremor of doubt — a North which no longer 
boasts of being better prepared to deal with tliis great 
problem than those upon whom the greater portion of 
the burden rests. Senator Clarke represented this era 
of rehabilitation, this period of a truly reunited and dis- 
enthralled country. He rose easily, naturally, and with- 
out ostentation, above locality, above section, and oft- 
times above party. His vision and his purposes included 
his whole countrj-, his patriotism in scope and sympathy 
was commensurate with the Nation as a whole. He re- 
sented the limitations of prejudice and broke away from 
all restraints which the past would put upon his truly 
national spirit. 

It would prolong these remarks too far to enter upon a 
discussion of the details of his service here, his exceptional 
ability as a lawyer, his wide and most accurate informa- 
tion upon all public questions, the dignified and impartial 
manner in which he presided over this body. I conclude 
by saying that he was in every sense a great Senator, an 
honor to the great State which he so faithfully repre- 
sented, and commensurate in integrity and ability to the 
responsibility attaching to his position in the highest legis- 
lative body in the country. In these crowded tragic days 
we do not long reflect about the things that are gone by 



[41] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

nor often hark back to our colleagues who have passed on, 
but everyone who served with him misses from our midst 
this strong, resolute, indomitable, historic figure. 

The Vice President. Without objection, the resolutions 
offered by the Senator from Arkansas will be considered 
as unanimously adopted. 



[42] 



Proceedings in the House 

Monday, December 4, 1916. 
A message from the Senate, by Mr. Waldorf, one of its 
clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- 
ing resolutions : 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of 
the death of the Hon. James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the 
State of Arkansas and President pro tempore of the Senate. 

Resolved, Th«l the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- 
lutions to the House of Representatives. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of 
the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. 

Mr. WiNGO. Mr. Speaker, it is mv painful duty to an- 
nounce the death of the late senior Senator from the State 
of Arkansas, Mr. James P. Clarke, which occurred at his 
home in tlie cit>' of Little Rock, Ark., since tlie Congress 
last met. I shall at some future time ask the House to 
set aside a day upon which we may pay tribute to his 
memory'. At this time I offer the following resolution, 
which I send to the desk and ask to have read. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

House resolution 376 

Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of 
the death of Hon. James P. Ci^\rke, late a Senator of the United 
States from the State of Arkansas. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the 
Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. 

The Speaker. The question is on agreeing to the reso- 
lution. 

The resolution was agreed to. 

The Speaker. The Clerk will report the remaining reso- 
lution. 

[43] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

The Clerk i-ead as follows: 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the deceased the 
House do now adjourn. 

The Speaker. The question is on agreeing to the reso- 
lution. 

The resolution was agreed to. 

Accordingly, in accordance with the resolution (at 3 
o'clock and 7 minutes p. m.), the House adjourned until 
to-morrow, Tuesday, December 5, 1916, at 12 o'clock noon. 

Thursday, February 1, 1917. 

Mr. Oldfield. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent 
that Sunday, February 18, 1917, be set aside for addresses 
upon the life and character and public services of the Hon. 
J. P. Clarke, late a Senator from the State of Arkansas. 

The Speaker. The gentleman from Arkansas asks 
unanimous consent that Sunday, the 18th of February, be 
set aside for the purpose of delivering speeches on the life 
and character of the late Senator Clarke, of Arkansas. 
Is there objection? 

There was no objection. 

Tuesday, February 13, 1917. 
The Speaker. The Chair appoints Mr. Jacoway to pre- 
side next Sunday at the memorial services on the late 
Senator Clarke, of Arkansas. 

Sunday, February 18, 1917. 
The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Coudcn, D. D., offered the 
following prayer: 

Infinite Spirit, Father-Soul, Thy blessing be upon us to 
fit us for the sacred duly of the hour, a time-honored cus- 
tom, a precious memorial dear to our hearts. Two great 
men, public servants. Senators of the United States, have 
been called from labor to refreshment, from earth to 

[44] 



Pkoceedinhs in the Holse 



heaven. Ours the loss, theirs the gain; ours the sorrow, 
theirs the joy; ours the hope, theirs the reality; ours the 
struggle, theirs the victor}'. May the unbroken continuity 
of life which has come down to us out of the past, sung by 
poets, taught by sages, propliets. and seers, reenforced by 
the glorious resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, comfort 
those who knew and admired them and solace those who 
were bound to them by the ties of love and kinship; that 
the heart may cease to ache and tears to flow. 

Be still, sad heart ! and cease repining; 
Behind the clouds is the sun still shining; 
Thy fate is the common fate of all. 
Into each life some rain must fall. 
Some days must be dark and dreary. 

So teach us to wait with patience till the veil sliall be 
rent asunder and Thy ways be made plain; and we will 
ascribe all praise to Thee now and evermore. Amen. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the 
special order. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

On motion of Mr. Oldfleld, by unanimous consent. 

Ordered, That Sunday, February 18, 1917, be set apart for 

addresses upon the life, character, and public services of Hon. 

James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the State of Arkansas. 

Mr. Oldfield. Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption of the 
resolution which I send to the Clerk's desk. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Arkan- 
sas offers a resolution, which the Clerk will report. 

The Clerk read as follows : 

House resolution .512 

Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended, 
that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. 
James P. Clarke, late a Senator from the State of Arkansas. 

Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory 
of the deceased, and in recognition of his distinguished public 



[45] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

career, the House, at the conclusion of the exercises of this day, 
shall stand adjourned. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the 
Senate. 

Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the 
family of the deceased. 

The resolution was agreed to. 



[46] 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 



Address of Mr. Oi.dfield, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker: We have, according to a beautiful cus- 
tom, met this Sabbath Day for the purpose of paying trib- 
ute to a colaljorer and friend, the Hon. James P. Clarke, 
late a Senator from the State of Arkansas. 

Senator Clarke was born in Yazoo City, Miss., August 
18, 1854, and died after a brief illness at his home in Little 
Rock on October 1, 1916. Senator Clarke received his 
literary education in the schools of Mississippi and 
studied law at the University of Virginia, graduating from 
that institution in 1878. He moved to Arkansas and be- 
gan the practice of law in 1879. Hence, at Helena, Ark., 
in 1879, began a most active and conspicuous career. Al- 
most from the beginning he was appraised one of the fore- 
most lawyers in his part of the State, and, while he di- 
vided his time between politics and the law from the be- 
ginning, yet he excelled in both fields. There was not a 
time during his illustrious career that he could not have 
made many times the salarj' of any office he held if he had 
given his whole time to the practice of his profession. 
And he ran the gamut of politics from the office of repre- 
sentative in the State legislature to three times a Senator 
of the United States. He was elected to the house of rep- 
resentatives of the State legislature in 1886; a member of 
the State senate in 1888, serving until 1892. He was 
elected president of the senate in 1891 and ex officio lieu- 
tenant governor; elected attorney general in 1892; de- 
clined a renomination, and was elected governor in 1894; 
he declined a renomination for governor in 1896, prefer- 
ring to return to his lucrative law practice. He was elected 

[47] 



Memori.\l Addresses : Senator Clarke 

to the United States Senate in 1903 and twice reelected to 
this high office, and was elected President pro tempore 
of the Senate in the Sixty-third Congress and reelected at 
the beginning of the Sixty-fourth Congress, which position 
he held at the time of his death. 

Mr. Speaker, I remember quite well the first time I 
ever saw Senator Clarke. It was in my home town in 1894, 
when he was making his first campaign for governor. He 
was a young man then, only 40 years old. He was cer- 
tainly a fine specimen of young manhood. Tall, erect, and 
slender, with perfectly white hair and flashing eyes, he 
walked up and down the streets calling upon and shak- 
ing hands with the voters. Needless to say that he made 
a favorable impression in that campaign and was elected 
governor of the State. From that time on I gladly gave 
him mj' support in his succeeding campaigns. We were 
always personal and political friends. 

Of course. Senator Clarke could not keep up his law 
practice after coming to the Senate, yet he was looked 
upon as one of the best lawj'crs of our State and a wise 
counselor, and during the interims of Congress earned a 
great many splendid fees as a la\\'j'er. Mr. Speaker, very 
few men have been developed in our public life who could 
divide their time between politics and the law and at the 
same time stand at the head in both fields as Senator 
Clarke so successfully did. At the time of his death 
there can be no question that he stood in the very front 
rank among the lawyers of his State, and there can be 
no question that he stood in the front rank as a lawyer 
among the great lawyers of the United States Senate. 

Senator Clarke was a man of very simple tastes, true 
and loyal to his friends, and preferred not to have any- 
thing whatever to do with his enemies. I have never known 
a man in public life who could draw a man to him more 
strongly than Senator Clarke if he desired to do so. He 

[48] 



Address of Mr. Oldi-ield, of Arkansas 

was one of the most distinguished-looking men I have 
ever known, and his mind sparkled and scintillated like 
a diamond. Brave, honest, and courageous under any and 
all circumstances, I never knew him to falter when he 
had a duty to perform. 

Mr. Speaker, Senator Clarke was no ordinarj' man; he 
was a man of great force of character, and brooked no 
opposition. Neither wealth, power, nor influence could 
persuade or deter him from the course which he had pre- 
viously mapped out. He was independent in thought and 
action, and came nearer doing just as he pleased under 
any and all circumstances regarding public questions 
than any man I have ever known in public life. He was 
always an active man, both in mind and body, and was 
stricken of a fatal illness during the latter part of Septem- 
ber, 1916, while at work in his office. Hence it may be 
truly said that he died in the harness. 

Mr. Speaker, the people of Arkansas whom he repre- 
sented so long and so ably in the United States Senate 
appreciated his great services to the State and the Nation, 
as has been recently attested. 

The State legislature, now in session, within the past few 
days has passed proper resolutions providing for placing 
his statue in Statuary Hall in this building. 

Senator Clarke, possessing a great intellect and pos- 
sessed of strong will power and determination, made our 
Republic greater than it had been before, for it is by the 
lives of such men that States and Nations grow strong 
and great. The poet has expressed this thought most 
beautifully in the following lines: 

What builds a nation's pillars high. 
What makes it great and strong? 
What makes it mighty to defy 
The foes that 'round it throng? 



[49] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

Not gold, but only men can make 
A nation great and strong; 
Men, who for truth and honor's sake. 
Hold still and suffer long. 

Brave men who work while others sleep, 
"Who dare when others sigh; 
They build a nation's pillars deep 
And lift it to the sky. 



[50] 



Address of Mr. Taylor, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker: The formal eulogy seems most unsatisfy- 
ing and insufficient where the stroke of death has fallen 
and where a gap in life has been made. It is with pro- 
found misgivings that I undertake to make a fitting tribute 
to the character, achievements, and genius of the illustri- 
ous lawj'er and statesman in whose memory these services 
are held. 

Senator James P. Clarke was born in Mississippi in 
1851. In 1879 he came to Arkansas. He seemed to like 
politics. In 1886 he was elected to the Legislature of 
Arkansas. In 1888 he was elected to the State senate. 
In 1891 and in 1892 he was president of the senate. 

In 1892 he was the Democratic nominee for attorney 
general, and was elected. He served as attorney general 
in 1893 and 1894. In 1894 he was the Democratic nominee 
for governor, and was elected by a handsome majority. 
He served Arkansas as governor with distinction and with 
great credit to the State. In 1902 he was elected to the 
United States Senate, and again in 1909. He was re- 
elected in 1914, and was serving his third term at the 
time of his death. During" his last term he served as a 
member of three of the most important committees, 
namely, chairman of the Committee on Commerce, also 
a member of the Foreign Relations and Military Affairs 
Committees. 

1 have had a personal acquaintance with Senator Clarke 
for about 30 years. Soon after tliis acquaintance began 
he became to me a study. Indeed, he was sui generis — 
in fact, unlike anyone else that I ever knew. I had great 
respect for his abilities. He was proud, and he liked a 

[51] 



Mf.moiual Addresses: Sknatok Clauke 

proud, courageous man, altliough he might have been 
his political or personal enemy. Respecting himself, he 
expected to receive the respect of other men; and he was 
not disappointed. When he made up his mind upon 
any public question he stood by liis convictions; in other 
words, when he set his hand to the plow he never turned 
back. 

His death was a sad one. While in his law office at 
Little Rock alone he was stricken. It is said that somehow 
he reached the phone, called up his home, and asked for 
his son James to come after him with the car. Apoplexy 
was the cause of his death, his physicians say. 

Senator Clarke stood among the foremost of the great 
lawyers of his time. A great lawyer is naturally a suc- 
cessful and constructive statesman. The history of the 
legislation of the world exemplifies this, and it should 
occasion no surprise that the Senator's eminence as a 
lawj'er signalized his work as a legislator. 

The people of his State looked upon him as one of 
America's greatest statesmen. In politics those who ad- 
mired his exceptional abilities and his stern, unswerving 
character always stood by him with the greatest fidelity. 
They believed him capable in any position; they admired 
his lofty bearing and, although now and then finding fault 
with him, they did not desert him. Strange to say, he had 
among his supporters those who were not personally at- 
tached to him; these voted for and sustained him because 
they believed him a wise statesman. 

Senator Clarke and myself were always personal 
friends, but I did not support him in all of his political 
ambitions. When he defeated Senator Jones 1 was not 
his supporter, and he knew it. We talked about it, and on 
one occasion he said : " Taylor, I know you are for Senator 
Jones. I know of your friendship and admiration for him, 
and I do not blame you for not supporting me." The last 

[52] 



Address of Mr. Taylor, of Arkansas 

time I ever saw the Senator was in Statuary Hall in this 
Capitol. There we met accidentally and conversed about 
certain legislation that was then pending before the Rivers 
and Harbors Committee. He appeared in fine health, and 
I believe I never saw him in a more delightful mood. 

In my remarks, Mr. Speaker, I may be excused if I try 
to speak truly touching the life, character, and public 
services of Senator Clarke as I understood him and know 
about liim. 

Mr. Clarke became a power in the State when he was 
elected governor. Prior to this he was attorney general 
and member of the State legislature, as I have stated — 
positions which gave him access to the opinions of all the 
clashing interests of the State and into whose citadels he 
was welcomed and flattered. Each contending interest 
looked upon him as a man of lofty and independent con- 
victions, despising cowardice and trimming, yet fully im- 
bued wijh ambition and desirous of becoming not only a 
great man but the greatest man of the State. It is said of 
Cicero that he was so nervously sensitive to the fluctua- 
tions of public opinion that he could not decide between 
Pompey and the aristocracy on the one hand and Caesar 
and the new democracy on the other. 

This can not be said of Senator Clarke. He cared 
nothing for the fluctuations of public opinion as presented 
in the gossip of newsmongers or placarded by speech on 
the public rostrum. He desired the good opinions of the 
public, but refused to bend his convictions to their no- 
tions — to the passions of those who might judge without 
knowledge and condemn without reason. He really 
wanted a constituency that would stand behind him like 
a stone wall, and therefore never modified his course so 
as to follow his backers — they were to follow hiin, al- 
though it was hard for his followers at times to see the 
wisdom of his leadership. 



[53] 



MiiiMORiAL Addresses : Senator Clarke 

In his race for the Senate of the United States he was 
pitted against one of the best-loved and one of the most 
powerful men of the State, as well as one of the most 
powerful' Members of the United States Senate. Senator 
James K. Jones must always be classed as one of the 
leading great men of Arkansas. To beat such a man in 
the zenith of his popularity' and power indicated that for 
the time being Senator Clarke had gained a great popu- 
lar following, and was on the billows of popular esteem 
and affection. 

It may well be said that Gov. Clarke at this time was at 
the height of his fame in Arkansas and just beginning to 
ascend the heights of national fame at Washington. He 
was not an orator, but a rapid-flre speaker of the Gatling- 
gun order. He knew his facts and was a master of ar- 
rangement; he studied carefully all the great decisions of 
the Supreme Court of the United States and relied upon 
them to cari-y him through the emergencies of debate. 
Hardly any man on the floor of the Senate had an equal 
power with him in brushing aside the little tilings and 
seizing the great and essential things. He had a logical 
mind and used it in making friends of those whose minds 
ran in the same logical groove. Politically he was a Demo- 
crat, but at times strained the definition of the word to a 
near-breaking point. Self-willed in the extreme, he also 
ran perilously near to harshness in his treatment of his 
opponents. He seemed to think that he had climbed aloft 
without the help of certain of his fellows, and that from 
his high position he could afford to be nonaffable. In the 
quiet of his office, 1 am told, he lamented this character- 
istic of his temperament and attributed it to some physical 
affliction rather than the lordly bent of mind that, soaring 
aloft, brooks no contradiction and spurns all advice. 

He was a close critic of himself and never favored him- 
self in these moods of self-investigation. He was gen- 



[54] 



Address oi- Mk. Taylou, oi Arkansas 

uinely sorry for his want of power properly to consider 
and relate the little things of life, but no man can have 
all tilings at once. Senator Clarke became a great Sena- 
tor. It is extremely doubtful, however, if he would have 
ever become so great had his mind been compelled to 
connote little things or to give them the value they really 
deserved. He ignored the claims of extreme politeness 
and fellowship, and set his mind inflexibly on a higher 
end — an end which he invariably attained. He was a 
good reasoner and in this regard was seldom excelled by 
an adversary-. In intensitj-, fierj' earnestness, and rapid- 
fire deliver^' he led, and seemingly was the only Senator 
of whom many of his colleagues appeared genuinely 
afraid. 

He reached the highest empyrean of successful sena- 
torial life, died a leading statesman, and was one of the 
most brilliant and accomplished politicians of his State. 
In his senatorial life of 14 years he had a very conspicu- 
ous share in shaping the legislation of the Republic. As 
a public man his career was brilliant, patriotic, and useful, 
and he died as he had lived, unafraid, uncompromising, 
stalwart, majestic, and masterful. 



[5S] 



Address of Mr. Caraway, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker : The custom of paying tribute to the dead is 
as old as recorded historj'. All nations have observed it. 
In this we but give expression to that longing after life 
eternal and that hope and that desire for immortality. In 
these tributes, whether in spoken words or chiseled stone, 
we express but the hope that beyond the grave is life, and 
that those we honor here there live again amid fields 
elysian, and because we hold that hope we pay homage to 
those who have gone a little while before. On this Sab- 
bath day in this famous Chamber of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, in the city of the Nation, we now pay a national 
tribute to the memory of the late Senator James P. Clarke, 
of Arkansas. When I say we pay a national tribute, I 
speak advisedly, for in truth Senator Clarke was a na- 
tional character. He thought for the Nation and labored 
for humanity everywhere. In no sense was he sectional 
or circumscribed bj^ the boundaries of that State which 
honored itself in honoring him. He planned for a Nation 
and labored for a Nation as wide as the boundaries over 
which floats the flag of that Nation. He sought no advan- 
tage for his own State that he did not demand for that of 
every other State and for all our people. His allegiance 
was to the Nation as a whole. In many respects Senator 
Clarke was the most remarkable man who has sat in the 
Senate of these United States in the lifetime of any now 
living. Tall and straight in form, direct and clear in 
speech, he impressed all who knew him or heard him with 
the honesty of his purpose and courage of his convictions. 
Neither friend nor foe was left in doubt of his position on 
any question touching the Nation's welfare. As he sat 

[56] 



Address of Mr. Caraway, or Arkansas 

day by day at his desk in the Senate Chamber, his erect 
figure, white hair, and strong and striking features, and 
the dignity of his deportment proclaimed him the Senator 
ideal. Even the casual observer marked him and instantly 
and instinctively paid him homage. He ruled the Senate 
as he did all other bodies of men among whom he sat not 
by the arts of the politician but by the uprightness of his 
motives and the clearness of intelligence. Almost upon his 
first entrance into the Senate he became a member of the 
steering committee of that body, which had much to do 
with determining what legislation should be considered. 
When the Democratic Party came into control he was 
elected President pro tempore, and was serving in that 
station at the time of his death. He was one of the greatest 
parliamentarians in the Senate, and he impressed all with 
his fairness and profound knowledge of the rules govern- 
ing that body. He knew neither friend nor foe, section 
nor party, as presiding officer. 

He scorned to win favor or preferment by fawning or 
by appealing to base and mean sentiments. 

Of his life and achievements I shall speak but briefly. 
I shall leave those for defter hands and more gifted 
tongues, for those who have known him longer and 
known him better. The barest sketch must suffice for 
my purpose. 

James P. Cl.\rke was born in Yazoo City, Miss., in 1854. 
His parents were poor, but of character and standing. He 
received a liberal education and took bis professional 
training, that of the law, at the University of Virginia, 
where he graduated with honor. Immediately after his 
graduation he located at Helena, Ark., where he literally 
sprang into honorable place and position. Soon after he 
located here he married the charming daughter of an old 
and distinguished family. He served in both branches 
of the State legislature and rose to the position of presid- 



[57] 



!\Iem()ki.\l Addkesses: Senator Clarke 

ing oflicer in the senate. Thence he was elected attorney 
general of the State, and from that office became gov- 
ernor. In all these positions he shed honor on the citi- 
zenship of the State and served well their best interests. 

In his first race for the United States Senate he was de- 
feated, but his defeat left no scars, and in 1902, in a State- 
wide preferential primary, he was chosen, succeeding that 
great and much-beloved Senator, James K. Jones. At the 
expiration of his first term in the Senate he was reelected 
without opposition, and was again elected for a third 
term, of which he had served a little less than two years 
when the summons came. 

From the day he first took his seat as a Senator until 
his task was done his was the dominating influence in 
that august body. No legislation of national importance 
that did not take shape and form from his masterful 
touch, whether it were tracing the course for the uniting 
of the turbulent Atlantic to the sun-kissed Pacific by the 
Panama Canal, or the building of a constitution and a 
code for the government and civilization of the peoples 
of the far-away Philippine Islands, his was the fecund 
brain in which was builded the finished plan. For more 
than half a century the American people demanded, but 
demanded in vain, the right to elect their Senators by 
direct vote of the people. With a stroke of the pen, as it 
were, he made that an accomplished fact. Wherever men 
strove for human rights, and human needs cried out for 
leadership and help, wise men turned to him and turned 
not in vain. The merest recital of his achievements would 
require more time than is allotted to me, and I need not 
enumerate them here; they are writ large in the annals 
of his country's fame. 

Of him personally 1 shall speak even more briefly. 

To a friend he always bent a listening ear; to a foe he 
presented an unyielding front. Strong and just men loved 

[58] 



Address oi Mr. Caraway, of Arkansas 

him and followed him; weak and corrupt ones feared and 
shunned him. About him ever swirled the turmoil of 
battle. He feared neither criticism nor defeat; dishonor 
and cowardice he never knew. Whenever his country 
needed a champion it found one in him, and with him 
as champion the weak became strong and the hopeless 
took heart again. 

Death came to him as he would have wished it should 
come, while yet his faculties were undimmed, but after 
his aspirations had been achieved and his ambitions had 
been gratified. It came not in lingering pain nor yet so 
suddenly that farewelFs were left unsaid. In his own 
home, with hands clasped in hands of children and 
soothed by the ministrations of his noble wife, he fell 
asleep — 

Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and 
lies down to pleasant dreams. 

Beyond love or hate, praise or blame, in the city that he 
loved, literally buried beneath a mass of fragrant flowers 
laid above him by loving hands, we left him to slumber 
until — 

Time shall be no more, and the sea shall give up its dead. 

But, oh— 

How many a loving one's blessing went 
With thee beneath the low green tent 
Whose curtain never outward swings. 

Nothing we may say here to-day can enhance his fame 
His character and his deeds are his fairest epitaph. We 
seek not in these exercises to add to his virtues, but in 
praising them to renew our own. 

Like a garland of fair flowers we lay a nation's tribute 
this day upon his tomb. His life is ended, his career fin- 
ished, but his memory is enshrined in his public labors 
and in the hearts of his friends. 



[59] 



Address of Mr. Wingo, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker: In the death of Senator Clarke our State 
has not only lost a very distinguished citizen, but the 
United States Senate has lost one of its most powerful 
Members and this country has lost a man who, I venture 
to assert, by his thought, his force, and his actions touched 
and shaped its destiny with an influence equal to that of 
any man who lived in his day and generation. It has been 
verj' well said that whether you liked or disliked Senator 
Clarke, he compelled both your respect and your atten- 
tion. His friends relied upon his ability and courage, his 
enemies respected and feared both. 

To my mind the most sti'iking thing about Senator 
Clarke was his hatred of all pretense and sham. If there 
ever was a man in public life who absolutely had the 
courage of his convictions, who, having conscientiously 
decided upon a course, then became indifferent to what 
the public or his critics might say of him, it was Senator 
Clarke. I say he had the courage to stand alone, and he 
did that at times, Mr. Speaker, when it seemed almost 
treason to those who are wont to abjectly kneel at the feet 
of power; but his actions were the result of the compel- 
ling force of his convictions and of his loyalty to his sense 
of duty and what he thought he must do in order to retain 
his self-respect. I think it is unfortunate for the countiy 
that there are not more men of that character and of that 
courage in both ends of this Capitol. He was intellectu- 
ally honest, too, Mr. Speaker. James P. Clarke never un- 
dertook to deceive himself. He never undertook by the 
devious ways of intellectual g\'mnastics to make some- 
thing appear right which intuitively and with that quick 
decisiveness of his mind he knew was wrong. 

He was one of those men who were exasperated by the 
little details of public life upon which modern politics and 

[60] 



Address of Mh. Wingo, of Arkansas 

modern customs in American politics have forced their 
representatives in both bodies to devote a good deal of 
their time and energies, instead of giving their time, their 
thought, their study, and their patriotic cfTorts to the 
bigger and better things for which Senators and Repre- 
sentatives are supposed to be sent to this Capitol. 

I repeat he not only had the courage of his convictions, 
but he was willing to stand alone, and that is something 
that few men are willing to do. I once heard it said that 
James P. Clarke would rather face a howling mob and 
chant the requiem of defeat and know that he was right, 
or believe that he was right, than to hear the plaudits of 
the multitude and yet have the sickening sense in his heart 
that he was undeserving of the misguided approval of his 
fellows. And that was typical of the conception that most 
men had of Senator Clarke who came in close touch 
with him. 

With Senator Clarke, as with all great men, as time 
goes on we will learn to appreciate more his high charac- 
ter and splendid qualities. Unfortunately for him, and I 
think unfortunately for the countrj-, his seeming indiffer- 
ence to public approval, his sometimes seeming rudeness 
to the representatives of the press, was a regrettable thing, 
which prevented the American people from learning more 
of his high character and splendid abilities, which they 
would have learned if he had pursued the course that it is 
customai-y for most men in public life to pursue, and that 
is to court the greatest amount of publicity and the great- 
est amount of friendly utterances on the part of the repre- 
sentatives of the press in the Capital of the Nation. But 
he did not do that. He went his way, and more nearly 
than any other public man who has ever lived in this 
Capital, he made you think of these lines: 

It matters not how straight the gate 

How marked with punishment the scroll; 

I am the master of my fate, 
I am the captain of my soul. 



[61 ; 



Address of Mr. Tillman, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker: From the moment I first saw him in the 
parlor of the old Capitol Hotel in Little Rock, in Januarj% 
1889, to the hour of liis death, I was perhaps as close to 
Senator Clarke as were any of his contemporaries in the 
public life of the State. In the September election of 
1888 we had been elected to meinbership in the State 
senate, he from Pliillips, I from Washington County. 
He was a candidate for president of the senate, and had 
called to solicit my support. I was a fledgling member, 
barely old enough to satisfy the statutory requirements 
of the position as to age; he was several years my senior 
and already prematurely gray, caused by a fever ante- 
dating by some years the meeting to which I refer. I shall 
never forget my first impression of this remarkable man. 
He had the look of an eagle, a magnetic presence, and 
being young and impressionable I became at once his 
ardent admirer, friend, and supporter. From the hour of 
our first conversation, and throughout the years follow- 
ing, we were personal and political friends, actively coop- 
erating in numerous public enterprises and exchanging 
letters and visits at frequent intervals. He failed of elec- 
tion to the presidency in 1889, but at the succeeding session 
two years thereafter he was elected, and from that time 
forward to him political preferment locally and nation- 
ally was sure and rapid. 

Like most great men he was possessed of marked eccen- 
tricities. His temper at times was none of the best, and 
his control of the same not always exceptionally good. 
He had other peculiarities as well. One day a close 
friend of some years' standing called him by his given 

[62] 



Address of Mh. Tillman, or Arkansas 

name. His friend received a sharp rebuke for this indis- 
cretion and never repeated the offense. Senator Clarke 
stated to him that he desired his friends, no matter how 
intimate, to call him Clarke. He cared notliing for titles 
and preferred to be Clarke of Arkansas, rather than 
general, governor, Senator, or Mr. President pro tempore 
of the United States Senate. In no event did he wish to 
be called James. I imagine that even Mark Antony was 
not permitted to address the first Caesar as Julius nor did 
Atticus call Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 

The world is made of little men, but Senator Clarke 
was not of this type. If a man passed him on the street 
he would turn to look at him again. His figure was 
striking, his carriage majestic, his swinging stride and 
distinguished bearing at once impressed acquaintances or 
strangers with the knowledge that he was a real man. 
Imperious? Yes. Impatient of opposition? Certainly. 
Dominant? Nature made him so. With all that, at least 
before advancing years and ill health had seriously im- 
paired his vital forces, he was as sweet as summer to his 
friends and gracefully polite to his enemies. 

He once characterized himself as a good hater, and he 
was. With him there was no shadow land, no twilight 
zone, between the people he hated and those he loved. 
Somewhat as did Pizarro, the Spanish gold hunter, the 
Senator drew a line on the sand, and bade his friends get 
on his side of the mark and his enemies on the other. 
And there he desired them to abide. 

No other man was just as he was. 

Like every virile character he was unique. 

He was as distinct as a snow-crowned mountain peak. 

That he might bind a voter to him he never practiced 
the petty but eftective art of insisting upon a relationship, 
real or possible, to John Smith or to John Smith's wife. 
He never mentioned his near or remote partiality to 

[63] 



;Mt:MORL\L Addresses: Senator Clarke 

any church to tickle the ear of the zealous religionist. He 
never paraded his lodge membership nor displayed its 
emblem to make friends more active or to induce his 
enemies to become less active. 

He was deaf to the jingle of tainted money. 

He flattered no man. 

He was never an opportunist. 

He loved the din of battle. 

He fought his antagonist face to face, " lance to lance 
and horse to horse." 

Like a white-crested eagle, he scorned prey that had not 
fallen to his beak and talon. 

His restless soul courted combat and disdained a lower 
flight. Without consulting a single friend or advising 
with political associates, he determined to go to the United 
States Senate. He did not lay in wait for an easy mark. 
He sought out the strongest antagonist he could find. 

In the tournament at Ashby Sir Walter Scott, in his 
incomparable style, causes the Disinherited Knight to ride 
into the lists. The rule governing the tournament pro- 
vided that if any knight proposed a conflict he might, if 
he pleased, select his antagonist by touching his shield 
with the sharp end of his lance, provided he desired an 
actual battle; if he wished only a trial of skill, to touch 
his opponent's shield with the reverse end of his lance. 
As Ivanhoe entered he was advised to touch Ralph D. 
Vipont's shield, to touch the Hospitaler's shield — " he has 
the least sure seat; he is your cheapest bargain." But the 
young knight struck with the sharp end of his spear the 
shield of Bois-Guilbcrt, the strongest of the Norman 
knights, and thus did Senator Clarke in the political lists. 
Not waiting for a vacancy, by death or resignation, with- 
out the backing of wealthy or influential friends, with 
but a few years of residence in the State, he hurled his 
challenging spear straight at the shield of Senator James 

[64] 



Address ok Mr. Tillman, of Arkansas 

K. Jones, the strongest and most popular man in the State, 
the leader of his part}' in the Nation, a mental and physi- 
cal giant, and defeated him in a second effort with com- 
parative ease. Since then he has ranked with the great 
men of the Nation, and was twice elected President pro 
tempore of the United States Senate. 

Senator Clarke was a man of remarkahle mental en- 
ergy. He was a master of terse, lucid expression. Each 
of his sentences rang like a new-made coin of gold. His 
English was pure and undefiled. No man ever had diffi- 
culty in determining his position upon any question, either 
by the Senator's action or language. In debate his men- 
tal blows were delivered with the strength that King Rich- 
ard exhibited when he wielded his two-handed broad- 
sword, and with the finesse and dexterity displayed by 
Saladin when he severed the delicate veil with his keen 
scimitar. 

He left no senatorial survivor who can with propriety 
and justice assume to be his superior. Few equaled him 
in courage, in probity, in mentality. 

Last night I stood in Statuarj' Hall on the spot where 
John Quincy Adams fell in a dying state on February 21, 
1848. From that point of vantage 1 looked around upon 
the circle of statues in this, the Nation's great Valhalla of 
distinguished dead, and noted among the number brave 
Sam Houston, of Texas, robed in buckskin. There stood 
the portly figure of Thomas Benton, of Missouri; yonder 
the marble form of the scholarly Ingalls, of Kansas. 
There, within a few feet, stood Washington and Lee, of 
Virginia. Not far to my riglit, facing west, was the 
priestly Marquette, of Wisconsin; and near him the hand- 
some Senator Kenna, of West Virginia; and' I felt that I 
knew that when our people make provision here for the 
stately statue of James P. Clarke, of Arkansas, every 
citizen of our great Commonwealth will hold up his 
head, supremely proud of him, when looking upon our 

82815''~17 5 [65] 



Memorial Addresses : Senator Clarke 

distinguished follow citizen in bronze or marble, the ac- 
knowedged peer of any of his silent associates. 

I last saw him in the Union Station at St. Louis, on the 
9th of September, 1916, as we were going home from the 
first session of the Sixty-fourth Congress. He passed out 
of the station with the same vigorous step that ever char- 
acterized his walk, never looking better, never happier. 
He was stricken within a month thereafter in his law 
ofSce at Little Rock at work among his books. I know 
that he received the fatal shock with fortitude, and as he 
hoped to receive it, with his armor on liis back, fighting 
the grim battle of life. How much better it is to die before 
the mind becomes eclipsed, the reason beclouded, and the 
limbs dead and useless. I have long since decided that it 
is desirable to hurriedly and quietly pass away like this. 

Some time at eve, when the tide is low, 

I shall slip my mooring and sail away, 
With no response to a friendly hail 

Of kindred craft in a busy hay. 
In the silent hush of tlie twilight pale, 

When the night stoops down to embrace the day 
And voices call in the waters' flow — 
Some time at eve, when the tide is low, 

I shall slip my mooring and sail away. 
Through purple shadows that darkly trail. 

O'er the ebbing tide of the unknown sea. 
I shall fare me away with a dip of sail, 
And a ripple of waters to tell the tale, 

Of a lonely voyage sailing away 

To mystic isles where at anchor lay 
The craft of tliose who have gone before, 
O'er the unknown sea, to the unknown shore. 

A few who have watched me sail away 

Will miss my craft from the busy bay; 
Some friendly barks that were anchored near. 
Some loving souls tiiat my heart held dear, 
In silent sorrow will drop a tear; 

But I shall have peacefully furled my sail 

In mooring sheltered from storm and gale, 
And greeted the friends who have gone before, 
O'er the unknown sea to the unknown shore. 
[66] 



Address ok Mk. Tillman, of Arkansas 

Senator Clarke's life was a successful one. He left a 
fair estate and lived to round out an enviable and a bril- 
liant career. He died in the season of harvest — in the rich, 
golden autumn, the fairest time of all the year, when the 
frost deepens the blush on the apple and the snowy cotton 
turns its white, pure face to the chaste kisses of the south- 
ern sun; when the meadows are rich with goldenrod; dur- 
ing the season when (iod touches with His artist finger the 
foliage of our glorious forests and paints the leaves as 
brown as the hazelnut's flinty coat, as yellow as God's 
noblest metal, and as red as the blood of a Saxon king. 

Senator Clarke's friends have every reason to believe 
that all is well with his gallant spirit. His public and 
private life was, we know, impeccable. 

Faith builds a bridge across the gulf of death 
To break the shock blind nature can not shun. 

It can be said of him in truth that — 

He walked the rugged road of right, 

And never for a moment wandered from the way. 

To loiter in alluring shade, 

Or drink the Bacchanalian draught, 

Or pluck the idle flowers that fringe 

The banks wherein temptations wooing tide 

Doth ever surge and flow. 

A long good night to Senator Clarke. 



167] 



Address of Mr. Goodwin, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker : The death of Senator Clarke removed 
from the Senate one of the most striking figures in 
American public life. Courageous, quick in apprehen- 
sion, direct, at all times forceful, possessing a keen, ana- 
lytical mind, discriminating to a rare degree and with an 
aptitude for the solution of complex political questions, 
he easily rose to first rank and then to leadership among 
the trained veterans in the upper branch of the Federal 
Legislature. 

No one can adequately review in brief compass the 
varied activities and accomplishments of Senator Clarke; 
for, indeed, his life was one of strenuous devotion to cer- 
tain concepts of duty, and once his mind was fixed as to 
his duty he was immovable. It has been said by those 
unacquainted with Senator Clarke that party ties and 
obligations hung looselj' on his shoulders. That he mani- 
fested a rare independence along party lines in their com- 
mon acceptation his best friend would not gainsay; but an 
analysis of that independence will disclose that his break- 
ing away from part>' ties was largely based upon constitu- 
tional grounds or upon those matters that pertained to the 
welfare of the Nation. Hailing from a State where party 
regularity has been a condition precedent to political suc- 
cess, it took rare courage to be independent of party action 
or the decrees of party caucus. 

I have often thought that Senator Clarke did himself a 
great injustice in not participating oflener in the discus- 
sion of the public questions upon the floor of the Senate. 
For, indeed, everything he touched he illumined by his 
mental alertness and adorned with a grace and an unaf- 
fected wealth of rare and limpid English. Few men have 
entered public life better equipped for public service than 
Senator Clarke. Gifted by nature as few men are; pos- 
[C8J 



Address of Mr. (Ioodwin, of Arkansas 

sessed of a prescience that enablod him to read the minds 
of men and to almost divine the oncoming of the times; 
second to no man as a Ia\\'j'er, he stood high as a states- 
man of first rank, lending always dignitj' to the Senate and 
honor to the Commonwealth he represented. His was a 
stupendous figure. He died, no doubt, as he had wished — 
at the zenith of a career distinguished for public service. 

With all of his varied accomplishments Senator Clarke 
doubtless was greatest as a lawyer. I doubt, indeed, if he 
had a superior at the American bar. It is true his life was 
devoted largely to statecraft, yet during all of his political 
career he never abandoned his chosen field of endeavor, 
but always kept abreast with the evolution of the law 
and the decisions of the courts. Few men possessed the 
rare discriminating judgment that characterized Senator 
Clarke as to the interpretation and the construction of 
the law or its application to government. A great part 
of our law — the fundamentals — is inherited from the 
Roman law, which was transplanted to English soil. A^ 
first, of course, there was no general code of law; but cer- 
tain great principles having been enunciated, these were 
finally crvstallized into maxims, and these maxims — the 
datum posts, signboards, or finger pointers to certain great 
principles — were adopted, and around these maxims the 
Roman law gravitated and evolved; and no man can be a 
great lawyer unless he thoroughly understands and appre- 
ciates these datum posts of the law, their justness, and the 
reason why these maxims have been woven into the fabric 
of the law. In other words, Mr. Speaker, law in its final 
analysis is not merely a philosophy but a science, and few 
men understood better the science, the reason for the 
great elementary underlying principles of the law, than 
did the late Senator Clarke. And no man can be a states- 
man, no man can be a lawmaker in the true sense of that 
term, unless he has an understanding of these great prin- 
ciples of society and their application to the pattern of 



[69] 



Memorial Addresses : Senator Clarke 

good government. For, after all, governments are insti- 
tuted among men not for the sole purpose of manufac- 
turing the machinery to govern men, hut to equalize the 
burdens of the government; to fashion and to apply 
justice to all alike, to restrain the strong from over- 
powering the weak, and to lift the feet of the struggling 
masses and to place them upon the great tablelands of 
justice and equity. The crime of all the ages is the his- 
tory of inequality among men, the favors granted to the 
few and denied to the many, the inequality of burden 
borne by the toilers, who by their labor create the wealth 
of the world but have little to show for their handiwork. 

Let me say, Mr. Speaker, that I believe Senator Clarke 
was misunderstood by many of his friends and practically 
by all of his enemies; and he had enemies, as every public 
man must have who fearlessly discharges his duties and 
will not become tlie tool and slave of those who would 
bend his will. It has been said that he was cold and cared 
■nothing for the masses, that he was an aristocrat, but 
those who were close to him know that he had a heart for 
the right, that he was too lofty, too imperious, too inde- 
pendent to play the demagogue, that he had a hot fervor 
and a passion for the right, as God gave him the power to 
see the right, but in his imperious pride he refused to dis- 
play the heat that warmed his soul. He was devoted to 
duty, and was an interpreter of the times and of the selfish 
designs of men, and he never failed to express himself in 
the plainest and the most emphatic terms in giving expres- 
sion to his understanding of these elements of selfishness. 
No, Mr. Speaker, the world will never understand certain 
types of great men and no man can be great unless he is 
good, and all good men possess some elements of great- 
ness. There are those in public life who strive, who toil, 
who have a vision, and above all possess a passion for the 
right and their loyally to the people can not be honestly 
questioned; but their loyalty is challenged by those who 

[70] 



Address of Mh. Cidodwin, of Ahkansas 

would profit thereby, and lor these Senator Clarke had 
no patience. I know that he had compassion for the poor, 
for the little man, for the struggling masses, for the man 
with " slanting brow," who, having been made in the 
image of his Creator, is destined to serve as a slave at the 
treadmill of life, while hunger gnaws at the heartstrings 
of his wife and little children, who shiver in cold while 
the cotton fields around them are white with the labor of 
their hands. And the crime of civilization, Mr. Speaker, 
is for these unfortunates, these burden bearers, to be for- 
ever denied the privilege of even a vision of happiness. 
On more than one occasion Senator Clarke talked most 
feelingly about the pitiful condition of all such unfortu- 
nates. Indeed, Mr. Speaker, I believe he felt like Amer- 
ica's greatest poet, Edwin Markham, feels to-day in that 
most telling and true picture of the toilers entitled " Th^ 
Man Under the Stone," which is as follows: 

THE MAN UNDER THE STONE 

When I see a workingman with mouths to feed, 

Up, day after day, in the dark before the dawn. 

And coming home, night after night, through tlie dusk, 

Swinging forward like some fierce silent animal, 

I see a man doomed to roll a huge stone up an endless steep. 

He strains it onward inch by stubborn inch, 

Crouched always in the shadow of the rock. . . . 

See where he crouches, twisted, cramped, misshapen 1 

He lifts for their life ; 

The veins knot and darken- — 

Blood surges into his face. . . . 

Now he loses — now he wins — 

Now he loses — loses — (God of my soul !) 

He digs his feet into the earth — 

There's a moment of terrified efi"ort. . . . 

Will the huge stone break his hold, 

And crush him as it plunges to the gulf? 

The silent struggle goes on and on, 

Like two contending in a dream. 

.[71] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

Senator Clarke's last great fight was made in behalf of 
the people of the Philippines when he sought to give them 
independence within four years, apd no American name 
to-day in the far-ofl" Philippines is so sacred as the name 
of Senator Clarke. He was looked upon as their political 
savior and as their best American friend, and I pi'ay that 
the seed sown by him will ripen into a full harvest, and 
that the 10,000,000 Filipinos whom we hold in subjection, 
contrarj' to the spirit of American liberty and American 
institutions, will be granted their full stature of liberty 
within the next few years. 

The legislature of our State at its present session most 
appropriately voted to have the statue of Senator Clarke 
placed in yonder Statuary Hall with other brilliant Ameri- 
can compatriots, and, if the sculptor chisels the late Sena- 
tor as he looked in life, thousands of spectators who annu- 
ally visit this Hall who never saw Senator Clarke will be 
attracted by his noble figure, though made of bronze or 
chiseled in stone. For, indeed, jWr. Speaker, as you know 
and as we all know, there was no figure among all the 
great Senators who served with Senator Clarke that 
equaled him in commanding, physical appearance, and I 
imagine that he tj'pified the imperious bearing of a mighty 
and noble Roman senator — rugged, bold, courageous, out- 
spoken, impatient, nervous and restless over those things 
which challenged the onward march of the true spirit of 
justice as interpreted by him. He marshaled all the 
brilliant forces of his thought, to the end that equity 
might obtain in the councils of his !>ation, fighting always 
for that conception of duty which he thought should pre- 
vail. This, indeed, Mr. Speaker, is the rock from which 
he was hewn, the pit from which he was digged. 

A great oak has fallen in the forest of big men, and we 
shall not soon look upon his like again. He had his fault.s, 
and they were many and sometimes, I thought, most griev- 



[72] 



Address ok Mr. CiOodwin, of Arkansas 

ous, but who does not possess a multitude of faults? He 
likewise had his virtues, and these towered above his 
faults, his shortcomings, and since his death the universal 
comment made by Members of the House, as well as Mem- 
bers of the Senate, is that the late Senator Clarke was one 
of the big Americans of his day; and numbers have told 
me that he was the greatest Senator they have ever known. 
The historian will write his name high on the scroll of 
American honor, while his deeds may be found among 
the archives of his country's history. 



[73] 



Address of Mr. Jacoway, of Arkansas 

Mr. Speaker: On the first day of October last the mes- 
sage was flashed from one extreme of this country to the 
other and to the nations of the world that a great and good 
man had fallen. Senator James P. Clarke, of Arkansas, 
lay dead at his home. A citizen most useful, respected, 
and beloved had laid down the burdens that were his. 
He had passed from scenes that were transitory and mor- 
tal to the realm of those activities that are immortal. 

A devoted family was bereft of him who was its head 
and who to them was a trinity. A sorrow as black as a 
starless night gathered around and about them and a load 
as heavy as a huge stone had rolled itself upon their 
hearts when they realized the awful tragedy that a de- 
voted husband and father had taken his leave for the last 
time and bidden them all a final adieu. A host of loyal 
and devoted admirers of Mr. Clarke received the news of 
his passing with a grief unfeigned. To them realization 
came that the State and Nation had sustained a great 
and continuing loss and that a friend in all the term 
implies had answered the last call, but who did so with a 
heart unafraid, a stoicism unequaled, and an intrepid soul 
unshaken by fear had bowed to and obeyed the man- 
dates of nature's final decree in equity. When family and 
friends were brought face to face with the fact that in the 
life of one they loved the last chapter had been written 
and the book closed, an agonizing catastrophe threw its 
shadow across llicir pathways, and "sorrow rolled like a 
tempest through their souls." 

senator Clarke's early career 

Mr. Speaker, time forbids the recital of all the powerful 
factors that went into the making of this man's life. 
While in most respects it was not different from other 

[74] 



Address of Mr. Jacoway, of Arkansas 

men's, yet when studied as a whole, and viewed in its 
entirety, tliere is found running through the warp and 
woof of his character tliose brilliant and golden threads 
of genius positive and indisputable — the exception that 
tests the general rule. The compelling force of Senator 
Clarke's life, like all men of overpowering ability, wrung 
from the lips of friend and foe alike that tribute that was 
his and compelled unstinted words of praise of a life that, 
while erratic in many instances and not regular and com- 
monplace in its orbit, or in those elements it repelled and 
attracted, yet was most commonplace in fundamentals, 
for his was a life builded upon the rock, and his charac- 
teristics of heart and brain were worked out upon those 
plans and specifications that went into the making of a 
man that is true in the sight of his fellows. Senator 
Clarke was honest; he was courageous — both morally and 
physically — and but few men who have sat in the Senate 
of the United States for the past half century were as 
capable and efficient as was he. He was one of Arkan- 
sas's greatest contributions to the world, having for its 
object its betterment and its uplift. In no sense of the 
word can it be said of Senator Clarke that he was a 
demagogue. The average political art and artifices of the 
politician were an absolute stranger to him. To them he 
had never been introduced, and had he been he would not 
have stooped to use them to gain a given end. 

Since the Civil War no southern man has been quite so 
honored as was he. He was graduated at the University 
of Virginia. He was a native of the State of Mississippi, 
which he loved to the day of his death, and on many occa- 
sions delighted to make affectionate reference to the State 
of his birth. In 1879 he moved to the State of Arkansas, 
which period marked the genesis of a brilliant train of 
political and legal successes. From that day to the day 
of his death the State of his adoption delighted to do him 



[75] 



Memorial Addkesses : Senator Clarke 

honor. He served two years in the State legislature, only 
to be followed by a term of four years in the State senate, 
of which bodj' he became president pro tempore and ex 
ofTicio lieutenant governor. At the expiration of his State 
senatorial term he was chosen attorney general, and two 
years later he was elected governor. In 1902 he was 
elected United States Senator, thus realizing that ambition 
which, as said by him, had been his dream from early boy- 
hood. In his second race for the United States Senate he 
defeated one of the noblest and ablest men Arkansas ever 
sent to the Halls of National Legislation, Senator James K. 
Jones. In all his public life no scandal was ever associ- 
ated with Senator Clarke's name and his private life was 
as clean and pure as a star. 

AS united states senator 

As Senator of the United States he looked the part and 
he acted the part. By visitors in the gallery of the Senate 
or upon the streets Senator Clarke was pointed out as a 
celebrity. It may be said of him that he was not a Sena- 
tor whose magnificent equipment of heart and mind were 
used solely for the advancement of the State which had so 
greatly honored him, but he had a sincere interest in the 
affairs of the whole Nation. He had a transcending 
ability for affairs of state which served him well and 
which made him a master in the discharge of his arduous 
duties as United States Senator. When he thought he was 
right he never surrendered his position. He was pecul- 
iarly possessed of that power to think big things and do 
big things and wliich gave an unlimited sway to his force- 
ful, powerful, and dexterous qualities in the forum of the 
United States Senate, an opportunity which he craved and 
which earlj' in his senatorial career marked him as a 
Member of the greatest lawmaking body the world ever 
saw, with no superiors and few equals. As a member of 

[76] 



AnriREss oi Mh. Jacoway, of Arkansas 

the Judiciarj' Committee and by virtue of sheer ability 
he was a commanding, compelhng, and respected figure. 
Especially in questions of constitutional law his advice 
was eagerlj- sought and his counsel prevailed. In these 
capacities he never failed to leave his impress for good 
upon legislation. As chairman of the great Committee on 
Commerce he discharged the duties of this position with 
signal credit to himself and lasting benefit to the country. 
As presiding officer of the Senate his rulings were fair, 
and in this capacity his knowledge of parliamentary law 
and his erudition in general were a marvel. Both sides 
of this historic Chamber gave him credit for absolute fair- 
ness. He was also a member of the Committee on Mili- 
tary Affairs and Foreign Affairs and other lesser commit- 
tees. To these committees he carried the same power for 
good and the same strength of character that marked his 
labors upon other communities. 

The archives of the Nation that had honored him, and 
which he in turn honored, bear mute but unanswerable 
testimony that establishes the fact beyond cavil that in 
his day and generation he well and ably played his part, 
had been true to the people of Arkansas who had greatly 
honored him, and done those things his hands found to do 
and with a great willingness. That which was accom- 
plished by him, Mr. Speaker, and the ideals for which he 
contended, have done much to make this country the one 
intended by the fathers — 

A land of settled government; 
A land of old and just renown, 
WTiere freedom slowly broadens down 
From precedent to precedent. 
Yes, if you please, a representative government and, in 
its broadest sense, where tiic door of opportunity swings 
open to all alike, and where, under our institutions, is 
sought to be underwritten the guaranty that individual 
worth shall be the test supreme and every man a free man. 

[77] 



Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

alikansas's triblte to mr. clarke 

In a short time after the passing of Senator Clarke the 
State of Arkansas speedily and with aflfectionate regard 
voiced its appreciation of his worth as a man, and as a 
fitting recognition of his great public service, by the adop- 
tion of a concurrent resolution providing for the placing 
of his statue in the Hall of Fame, once the old Hall of 
Representatives and directly located under the great white 
Dome of our Nation's Capitol. There his statue will stand 
for the years to come, to be viewed and admired by the 
multitudes that yearly find their way to the seat of the 
Federal Government. In illustrious company will his 
statue be, and justlj' so. There also in this historic Cham- 
ber are to be found the statues of many of the great men 
this country has produced from its inception and which 
has made our Nation the marvel of the world. 

There can be seen the statues of Blair and Benton from 
Missouri; Kirkwood and Harlan, of Iowa; Zeb Vance, of 
North Carolina; Ethan Allen, of Vermont; Calhoun, of 
South Carolina; Garfield, of Ohio; Samuel Adams, of 
Massachusetts; Wisconsin's tribute in the form of the 
statue of Marquette, who explored the upper Mississippi; 
the imposing form in bronze of that proud and brave man 
beloved by the South as a whole, Robert E. Lee, whose for- 
tune it was to lead the greatest army the world ever saw — 
that army in gray, which on account of great opposing 
numbers was compelled, naked and half starving, to lay 
down their arms at Appomattox to the suffering Grant. 
Yes, and also in this company is found the likeness of Sam 
Houston and Stephen F. Austin, of Texas, two great pio- 
neers that blazed out the way of a great civilization upon 
our western frontier; to be seen also is the statue of Fulton 
studying the model of his steamboat; the great Wash- 
ington, of Virginia, is there, and many more which time 
and space forbid me to enumerate. Side by side with 

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Addkess of Mh. Jacoway, of Akkansas 

another great Arkansan, too, the chaste, the gentle man, 
the scholar, the lawyer, author and linguist. Judge U. M. 
Rose, whose memory to-day is revered by all Arkansans, 
will stand proudly erect the statue of James P. Clarke, 
a kindred soul in the midst of these great national Ameri- 
can characters. 

senator CLARKE AS A HOME MAN 

Senator Clarke Avas a lover of children. On one occa- 
sion I saw two boys, one 6 and the other 4 years of age, 
find their way into his otticc. The Senator received them 
graciously. He laid down the aflfairs of state for their 
benefit, forgot the contemplation of momentous questions, 
and for quite a while reveled in the company of these little 
fellows. Unless invited to do so few people disturbed 
Senator Clarke in the privacy of his office, but these chil- 
dren were the exception to the rule and this picture throws 
a new light on the character of Senator Clarke unknown 
to .some. He made these children feel that his heart beat 
in unison with their childish hearts. He invited them to 
climb upon great mail sacks filled with books and in turn 
he rollicked with them by insisting that thcj' jump in his 
arms. This performance was repeated a number of times. 
On another occasion in going with him from his office to 
the Senate Chamber well do I remember the meeting he 
had with two other children, 2 and 4 years of age, attended 
by their nurse. At this particular time he was disturbed by 
pending legislation regarding the cotton situation and vital 
to the South especially. On meeting llicsc children he in- 
quired their names. True to the ever-present tender im- 
pulses of his heart for children again for a moment he 
forgot the important questions that were challenging and 
demanding his best attention and clamoring for .successful 
conclusion and fondling the smaller child for a few min- 
utes and bending down over and embracing it, and then 



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Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

after shaking hands with the older one he bade them 
good-by and with a parting injunction and with that char- 
acteristic swing of his arm, he said : " Gentlemen, I hope 
our orbits will soon cross again." Also, no man was ever 
regarded bj' his own family more as the prince of all men 
than was Senator Clarke. On one occasion while a guest 
in his home an opportunity was afforded to judge his life 
from this angle. I shall never forget the beautiful scene 
of domestic happiness that was mine to enjoy while there. 
" His home seemed to be the center of his affection and 
the fountain of mutual joy." In the sitting room, at the 
dinner table, he was the embodiment of all those refine- 
ments that were chivalrous and lender and which go to 
make the home the universe for those that dwell within it. 
In a mood brimful of merriment and repartee he was the 
suitor and courtier to the mother of his children, a cava- 
lier in conduct toward his gracious daughters, while 
every word addressed to the son that bore his name and 
everj^ lineament of the Senator's face pi'oved the extent 
of the depth of that great love which he bore his only boy; 
while for all of those collectively that were dependent 
upon him, and which at last go to make up the greatest of 
our institutions, the American home, there will forever 
linger with me a picture of domestic happiness that is 
beautiful to contemplate. 

a born lawyer 

As a lawyer the purity of his ethics was never ques- 
tioned. He loved his profession and entirely respected 
it by revering all those things for which it stands and has 
stood in the world's history. He never profaned this 
great calling by descending to those methods that were 
questionable and which is the stock in trade of the petti- 
fogger. His acts, his words, and his course of action in 
the pursuit of his chosen profession were always upon the 



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Address ok Mr. Jacoway, of Arkansas 

" mountain ranges of the law," and from this viewpoint 
he respected always true lawyers and in turn commanded 
respect from them. 

Mr. Speaker, time will not permit me to further com- 
ment on the pure character of Senator Clarke or to 
further enumerate here that which he accomplished in 
the various fields of activities in which he figured and 
played a part so important. They are safely chronicled 
on the bright pages of the historj' of his country which he 
loved, and in which he believed, and which he so well and 
faithfully served. The historian of the future will paj' 
Senator Clarke that merited tribute that is his and which 
he so desei-Acdlj' won. No poor words of mine can add 
additional luster to the life and fame of him who was my 
friend and of whom I was proud. In his death a distin- 
guished patriot, an able and pure statesman, and a noble 
man has gone into the far country. Mr. Speaker, if hon- 
esty of purpose, cleanliness of deed, thought, and action, 
a courage to do that which is right because it is right, if 
character builded on the teachings of Holy Writ have their 
reward — and they do, for God loves and lives and rules — 
then when dissolution came to the chivalrous and intrepid 
spirit of Senator James P. Clarke, and the world and all 
it contained was slipping from beneath him, his dying 
eyes caught a vision of the beautiful scenes of fields 
elysian, and on "his feverish brow he felt the breath of 
the morn eternal." 



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Address of Mr. Humphreys, of Mississippi 

Mr. Speaker: Senator Clarke was a native of Missis- 
sippi, and although his lot was cast with a sister State 
and his name and fame associated with the great name 
of Arkansas, Mississippi has always claimed him for her 
own, a son in whom she was well pleased. It was my good 
fortune, Mr. Speaker, to be thrown in rather more inti- 
mate association with Senator Clarke than is usual with 
those who serve here from different States and in the 
different Houses of Congress. Our legislative purposes 
were very much the same. There was one great object, 
the attainment of which inspired us both and brought us 
into intimate collaboration. That being true, it is hardly 
necessary, it is in fact mere surplusage, to say that I soon 
discovered in him a man of genius and of unusual mental 
force. 

I believe in raw mentality, if 1 may use such a crude 
phrase, he was the equal of any man with whom he 
came in contact in that great, if not the greatest of all 
legislative assemblies. That he came, through the choice 
of his fellows, to be the President pro tempore of the Sen- 
ate when his party gained control there after 18 years as a 
minority was no surprise to those who knew liim; it was, 
in fact, as inevitable in the orderly course of natural 
events as that the sparks lly upward. It was said and 
has been suggested here to-day that Senator Clarke was 
not a good party man; that he did not at all times recog- 
nize the authority of his political organization; that, to 
use a homely phrase, he was not always politically bridle- 
wise; and that is probably true. Certain it is that neitlier 
in the Senate nor on the stump in Arkansas did he ever 
" bend the pregnant hinges of the knee that thrift might 
follow fawning." He never made commerce of his politi- 
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Address of Mb. Hlmfhrkys, of Mississipim 

cal convictions; he never traded or offered to trade, either 
here or on the stump, his ojjinions for votes. Nature had 
most generously ilhmiined his great mind with the light of 
reason, and he used that divine attribute as became a man 
made in the image of liis Maker. Ciesar says that— 

Cowards die many times before their deaths, 
The valiant never taste of death but once. 

If that be true, I think we may say with assurance that 
the first time James P. Clarke ever met the grim reaper 
was on the first day of last October, when he laid down 
the burdens of this life. 

Blest and equipped as he thus was, with strong mind 
and invincible courage, no wonder he succeeded. He lit- 
erally demanded the lavish favor of the fates, and his 
rise in his profession and his elevation through progres- 
sive steps to the highest offices in the gift of his people 
was as inevitable as it was rapid. 

I said, Mr. Speaker, 1 had been intimately associated 
with him because of a common legislative purpose which 
animated and inspired us both. The last time I saw Sen- 
ator Clarke he told me that the great predominant pur- 
pose of his official life was to secure the passage in the 
Senate of a bill which had been sent there by the House 
which would rescue his people from the ravages of the 
floods of the Mississippi River; and to that purpose, Mr. 
Speaker, " he was as constant as the northern star, of 
whose true-fixed and resting quality there is no fellow in 
the firmament." Had he lived 1 think no man will doubt 
that that legislation would to-day stand upon the statute 
books. Unfortunately for us all, he was taken from us 
" like the summer-dried fount when our need was the 
sorest." 

1 have been to the Senate many times this session, and 
when I have observed the situation there, seen that great 
measure time and time again set aside for less impor- 

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Memorial Addkesses : Senator Clarke 

tant matters, and noted the absence of the great champion 
upon whom we depended with such confidence and reli- 
ance, I have almost involuntarily exclaimed — 

Where, where was Roderick then? 

One blast upon his bugle horn were worth a thousand men. 

Being a Mississippian, and being one who enjoyed the 
friendship of the distinguished gentleman whose death we 
lament to-day, I felt, Mr. Speaker, that it was proper that 
I should pay him this last tribute of my respect. There 
were few men whom I admired more than Senator 
Clarke. I was one of those who were favored with his 
friendship. From my first acquaintance with him down 
to the day of his death I had many proofs of it. We have 
heard it stated here to-day, and all of us who knew him 
realize the fact, that he was not onlj' an aggressive man, 
a forceful man, a positive man, but sometimes it seemed 
an overbearing man, a pugnacious man; but, as is com- 
mon with all who are so blessed with force of character 
and courage, he had a gentler side. 

A gentleman was telling me last night at the hotel of a 
trip that he made after adjournment of Congress on a 
train with Senator Clarke on his way back to Arkansas. 
This gentleman had never seen any other side than that 
which I have just referred to. They met on the train — 
this gentleman had his family with him — in a casual way. 
It was purely a social meeting, and there for the first time 
was revealed to him that other side of this gi'cat character. 
There was no battle then in progress; no conflict of wits, 
no struggle for supremacy, and this gentleman v.as 
charmed, he was indeed fascinated, by his genial per- 
sonality. His little girl was with him, and the Senator 
was particularly attracted to her. Her childish prattle, 
her unsophisticated innocence, appealed to his great heart 
which many strong men thought was adamant, and after 
he had reached his home in Arkansas he wrote this little 

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Aooiuiss oi- Mk. Hi MPHHii\s, or Mississippi 

child a letter manifesting the gentleness of that rugged 
nature which was frequently hidden from other men. 

But this, of course, is the characteristic of all brave 
souls. I think I can fittingly close this meager tribute to 
the memory of a man whom I admired and loved by 
quoting that verse of Bayard Taylor to the soldier who 
fell in the Crimea — 

Sleep, soldier, still in tionored rest 

Your truth and valor wearing; 
Tlie bravest are tlie tenderest, 

Ttie loving are the daring. 



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Address of Mr. Rayburn, of Tkxas 

Mr. Speaker : I would not feel like saying anything 
to-day upon this occasion, as I feel I can not add anything 
to the tribute that has already been paid to Senator 
Clarke, if it were not for the fact that my relationship 
with him for the last three years of his life was so close 
and so intimate. For the last three years of his life, while 
Congress was in session — and it was in practically con- 
tinuous session — I lived at the same hotel with him and 
sat at the same table with him. I grew to admire his 
great ability as I have admired the ability of few men in 
my life, and I can say that I had for him an affection, 
deep and abiding, such as I have had for few men in all 
my life. I believe that he gave to me as nmch friendship 
and as much of his confidence as it were possible for a 
man of his age to give to one of my age. 

Senator Clarke was pictured by a great many people, 
who did not agree with him or who did not like him, as 
being everything that he was not. Senator Clarke was 
one of the most human beings 1 ever knew in my life. As 
has been said, in the fierce struggles over principles, in 
the fierce debates, and in the fierce conflicts of wits he 
knew no favorites; he knew nothing but the guiding star 
of principle. And that is what should guide men. 
V Senator Clarke had the old conception, and therefore 
the true conception, of a public servant, and that was that 
a public servant should be a leader of his people and not 
a follower of his people. He had that supreme confi- 
dence in the wisdom and in the patriotism of the people to 
believe that if he were right the people would always 
finally come to support him in that right. He had a 

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Address or Mh. Hayiurn, of Texas 



supremer confidence, therefore, in the people than the 
average politician of this day has. 

The thing that drew me closer to Senator Clarke than 
anything else was, I think, the companionship and the 
love that he gave to his only son. I knew him after I had 
heard a great deal of him and of the rough side of his 
nature — that he was this thing or he was that thing. When 
I see that a man is capahle of a great love, I know it mat- 
ters not what that man has done; that man can not be 
wholly a bad man. If Senator Clarke in his life had ever 
done a bad thing, it would have been a big bad thing. It 
would not have been a little bad thing. I know from my 
talks with him everj' day that his great heart beat in 
unison and in sympathy with the great masses of the 
people, not alone of his own beloved State of Arkansas 
that had done so nmch to honor him and that he had in 
turn so signally honored. I know that his heart was with 
those people, and he tried that his acts might be such that 
those people would be beneDted. 

I am proud that the State of Arkansas has had wisdom 
and patriotism enough to vote in its legislature to place 
tlie statue of that great man out in this Hall of Immortals 
here, because if they had waited for a hundred years and 
had searched the annals of the State of Arkansas they 
would not, in my opinion, have found his like again. 

Senator Clarke was not an old man when he died. 
Althougli he had been honored with everything that the 
State of Arkansas could give him, and had been elevated 
to the highest office within the gift of the United States 
Senate, he was a man of only 62 years. I simply wanted 
to say these words in tribute to the memory of this great 
and, I know, this good man. I know that in his life he 
did not know what fear was, and I know that he had a 
divine confidence in the existence of a Supreme Being and 
of a life that lies bevond death. I do not know what con- 



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Memorial Addresses: Senator Clarke 

ccption he had of the Great Beyond except that; but 
knowing the man as I did, when the summons came and 
he knew that he was about to cross the Great River, I 
know that he was not afraid. 

The Speaker pro tempore. Unless some other gentle- 
man desires to speak of the life and character of Senator 
Clarke, this concludes the exercises to-day in behalf of 
Senator Clarke. 

Mr. Caraway. Mr. Speaker, I should like to ask unani- 
mous consent that those who have not spoken to-day may 
be permitted to extend their remarks in the Record. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Ar- 
kansas asks unanimous consent that those who have not 
spoken to-day be permitted to extend their remarks in 
the Record. Is there objection? 

There was no objection. 

Monday, February 19, 1917. 
A message from the Senate by Mr. Crockett, one of its 
clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- 
ing resolutions : 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of 
the death of the Hon. James P. Clarke, hite a Senator from the 
State of Arkansas. 

Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable 
his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and 
distinguished public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to 
the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the 
family of the deceased. 



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